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Abdominal
Published in Ian Mann, Alastair Noyce, The Finalist’s Guide to Passing the OSCE, 2021
Starting gently, palpate all nine areas of the abdomen in a systematic manner, taking care not to miss any (seeFigure A3.1). If there is no area of tenderness, repeat your palpation in a deeper fashion, again taking care to examine all nine areas (warn the patient that you are going to push more firmly). The patient may report tenderness or, if severe, may demonstrate guarding. This is involuntary contraction of the abdominal muscles. Rebound tenderness is a sign of peritoneal inflammation and occurs when removing the hand from the abdomen suddenly. If any masses are discovered on palpation, one should describe these as one would any mass (seeChapter A6, Lumps and bumps).
Intussusception
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Melanie Hiorns, Joseph I. Curry
A right transverse skin incision is made either above or below the level of the umbilicus, depending on the presence of a mass or radiological indication of the site of the intussusception (Figure 40.9). The lateral abdominal muscles, rectus sheath, and rectus muscle are divided. A sample of the peritoneal fluid is sent for microbiological analysis.
Neurologic Diagnosis
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Beevor's sign of a lesion around T10 spinal level is sought if there is proximal leg weakness or difficulty in getting up from the couch. Ask the patient to try to sit up from the lying position without using their arms. If this is not possible, the abdominal muscles are weak. The upper “motor level” can sometimes be ascertained by noting the position of the umbilicus by pointing with the examiner's finger or a reflex hammer handle with the patient supine and then asking the patient to lift his or her head off the bed against your hand to contract the rectus abdominis. If the umbilicus deviates upward, this indicates that the lower abdominal muscles are weaker than the upper muscles. It occurs at a T10 spinal cord level lesion but is also common as a sign in differential abdominal muscle weakness in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
Effects of abdominal girdle belt on pulmonary function variables of postpartum women in Enugu, Nigeria: a quasi-experimental study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Chidiebele Petronilla Ojukwu, Modester Odinaka Ugwoke, Jibril Mohammed, Ijeoma Judith Ilo, Nkechi Rita Ativie
Pregnancy produces both biomechanical and functional alterations that may impact negatively on many systems of the body (Conder et al. 2019). Major morphological modifications that may occur in the musculoskeletal system during pregnancy can be enormous especially in the abdominal area (Mota et al. 2015, Ponmathi et al. 2018, Fukano et al. 2021). These alterations can be observed either in the form of separation of the rectus abdominis muscles, weakness of the abdominal muscles, anterior tilting of the pelvis with or without lumbar lordosis, the altered length-tension relationship of the abdominal muscles and/or persistent protrusion of the abdomen after childbirth (Benjamin et al. 2014). These changes can negatively affect the aesthetic appearance of women, which is a relevant source of cosmetic concern for them (Benjamin et al. 2014, Michalska et al. 2018, Carlstedt et al. 2021).
A randomized controlled trial concerning the implementation of the postural Mézières treatment in elite athletes with low back pain
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Orges Lena, Jasemin Todri, Ardita Todri, Petraq Papajorgji, Juan Martínez-Fuentes
There is a lack of abundant studies on low back pain (LBP) in the discipline of basketball. However, some descriptive epidemiological studies have reported that 8% of basketball injuries affect the lower back [6,7]. Pesanen et al. (2016) argue that 45% of 207 basketball players analyzed had suffered low back pain at some point in their lives, and almost the same percentage of players (44.4%) had experienced low back pain during the previous 12 months [6]. Heneweer, Staes and Aufdmekampe (2011) have studied the incidence of low back pain in these cases. They argue that the cause of the pain is insufficient strength of the abdominal muscles, muscular imbalances, and inadequate flexibility of the lower extremities [8]. In addition to the abdominal muscles, the hip muscles play a crucial role in transferring forces from the lower extremities to the spine, while the athlete is active or in an upright position [9,10].
Effect of muscle distribution on lung function in young adults
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Wenbo Shu, Mengchi Chen, Zhengyi Xie, Liqian Huang, Binbin Huang, Peng Liu
The relationship between multiple trunk muscles and lung function had been confirmed. The muscles attached to the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae of the chest, and the muscles connecting these bones, which are also called respiratory pump muscles, will cause changes in the size of the thorax during breathing exercises. Abdominal muscles are mainly manifested to reduce the rib cage and promote the exhalation of lungs during breathing exercises; thus, the abdominal muscles are mainly exhalation muscles. The role of back muscles in breathing exercises is complex. Studies have found that the erector spinae and latissimus dorsi muscles resist inhalation resistance (Cala et al. 1992; Orozco-Levi et al. 1995), and the iliopsoas muscles mainly assist in inhalation (Jinnai et al. 1986). Many trunk muscles work together to maintain the normal progress of lung function; as such, the relationship between TKMM and VC is an established one.