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Bone Regeneration Effect of Cassia occidentalis Linn. Extract and Its Isolated Compounds
Published in Brijesh Kumar, Vikas Bajpai, Vikaskumar Gond, Subhashis Pal, Naibedya Chattopadhyay, Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Cassia, 2021
Brijesh Kumar, Vikas Bajpai, Vikaskumar Gond, Subhashis Pal, Naibedya Chattopadhyay
Osteoporosis secondary to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused due to systemic inflammation. In adult male rats, IBD was created by 2.5% dextran sulfate (DS) in drinking water following which emodin treatment (30 mg/kg administered orally 3X/week for 9 weeks) was given. Compared to control rats (the disease group was given vehicle), emodin-treated rats had improved bone parameters (bone volume and strength) and reduced bone resorption markers (osteoclast number and serum C-terminal telopeptide/CTX-1). Serum TNFα that was significantly elevated in the IBD group was suppressed by emodin (Luo et al., 2020). A standardized extract of Polygonum multiflorum (PM), containing emodin protected against prednisolone-induced loss of body weight and bone mass at the femur and lumbar vertebra. Microarchitecture was significantly preserved and bone strength showed an increasing trend in the PM group compared to the control group (Zhou et al., 2017). From these reports, it appears that emodin has a protective role in secondary osteoporosis.
Pathogenesis: Molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis
Published in Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn, Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
Anastasia E. Markatseli, Theodora E. Markatseli, Alexandros A. Drosos
The association of OPG with the markers of bone metabolism is surrounded by controversy. There are reports in the literature in which the concentration of OPG in serum was associated weakly with the markers of bone metabolism (173,174). However, other studies showed a positive association of OPG with these markers (175), while in other studies no correlation was detected (183). In another study, serum OPG levels were associated negatively with serum osteocalcin in elderly women (182). A study performed in women immediately after menopause showed a negative correlation between RANKL and 17β-estradiol in serum. RANKL levels were positively correlated with type I collagen N-terminal telopeptide (NTX-I) in urine and type I collagen C-terminal telopeptide (CTX-I) in serum in that study (186).
Osteoarthritis
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
David Musnick, Richard D. Batson
C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) is primarily generated by matrix metalloproteinase activity during cartilage degradation in OA. It is known to show a closer link with progression of articular cartilage degradation in OA patients. Its increased serum, urine or synovial fluid levels, and correlations with articular cartilage degradation were reported in both preclinical and clinical studies (Garnero et al., 2001; Oestergaard et al., 2006). CTX-II is available as an ELISA assay and may be considered as a method of doing a functional assay of an OA intervention for a patient. The goal is to demonstrate a significant reduction in CTX-II within 8–12 weeks of a new intervention.
Abaloparatide: an anabolic treatment to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2020
Paul D. Miller, John P. Bilezikian, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Bruce Mitlak, Eugene V. McCloskey, Felicia Cosman, Henry G. Bone
Changes in bone turnover markers with ABL treatment were consistent with changes in BMD with ABL50,53. An early increase (at 1month) in the bone formation marker serum procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide (s-PINP) was seen with both ABL and TPTD. After 3months, s-PINP levels trended higher with TPTD than with ABL, though levels remained above baseline throughout 18months in both groups. Concurrently, serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (s-CTX), a bone resorption marker, increased to a lesser extent with ABL versus TPTD at all time points, supporting the hypothesis that ABL might be associated with less bone resorption compared with TPTD. A post hoc analysis to examine the relationship between early markers of bone turnover and BMD found that changes in s-PINP 3months posttreatment were correlated with subsequent changes in lumbar spine BMD at 18months in both ABL-treated and TPTD-treated participants in the ACTIVE trial53. Absolute levels of s-PINP and s-CTX were lower with ABL compared to TPTD; however, the balance between markers of bone formation and resorption was similar, indicating that BMD increases with ABL with less bone resorption. The balance of bone formation and resorption with ABL resulted in earlier and greater increases in BMD at the spine and total hip, which remained greater at the hip over 18months.
Proteomic exploration of cystathionine β-synthase deficiency: implications for the clinic
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Shortly after the discovery of human CBS deficiency in the 1960s, it was recognized that elevated Hcy might interfere with collagen crosslinking [98], which was substantiated in the 1974 by quantitating ε-hydroxynorleucine and the cross-links after reduction with tritium-labeled NaBH4 [99]. A significantly decreased (3- to 10-fold) content of the precursor aldehyde (ε-hydroxynorleucine,) and crosslinks (hydroxylysinonorleucine, hydroxylysinohydroxynorleucine, and histidino-hydroxymerodesmosine) was found in dermal collagen of skin biopsies from CBS-deficient patients, compared to healthy controls [99]. At the same time, the solubility of patients’ dermal collagen (in 1 M NaCl and 0.5 M acetic acid) was significantly increased. In a 1996 study, collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide crosslinks, measured in serum, were reported to be 2.9-fold lower in CBS−/- patients than in healthy individuals, while collagen type I and type III synthesis was unaffected [100]. However, an underlying mechanism by which elevated Hcy decreases collagen crosslinking remained unknown until 2016.
A dual-label time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for screening of osteoporosis based on simultaneous detection of C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX) and aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP) of type I procollagen
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2019
Yichun Xu, Qiyou Wang, Gang Hou, Hui Yao, Huiqing Zhao
The C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX) fragments of collagen type I were released during bone resorption [11]. These C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of collagen type I were specific fractions of C-terminal end of collagen, which were directly abounded at the beginning of collagen depletion. They were detected in blood via specific antibodies. With increasing bone degradation, an elevated amount of these segments can be verified in blood. A correlation between β-CTX and other markers of bone turnover or bone mineral density (BMD) has also been observed [12]. As the C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I, its usefulness as a marker of bone turnover has been described earlier, especially in osteoporosis management [13]. So, β-CTX was the potential instrument for the diagnostic of bone metastases.