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Substance Abuse and Addiction
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
The maintenance of sobriety and relapse prevention are also important. It should be emphasized that if an individual has had AUD, a plan for sustaining abstinence at the onset is important to lower the risk of relapse. The prime risk of relapse is at time points three months to one year from the date of sobriety. Relapse is often considered a part of the process of recovery and should not be considered a treatment failure.
Volunteer Groups in the Treatment of Addictions; The Model of Alcoholics Anonymous
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
Although professional use of self-help groups is increasing, it is still not as widespread as it should be. Most large studies of sobriety indicate that short-term sobriety (1 to 2 years) comes largely from the program with which a person starts. Thus studies starting with the outcome of a clinic or a specific program find that this accounts for the majority of the patients who have recovered or remained abstinent after 1 or 2 years, but studies of long-term abstinence invariably show an increasing role for self-help groups. Figure 12, in Chapter 26, showed how this assumes greater and greater importance as one moves into longer-term sobriety. It is estimated that more individuals maintain sobriety through AA than through all other programs in the U.S. combined.1
The Future of Narcotic Addiction
Published in Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé, Psychiatric Aspects of Opiate Dependence, 2019
Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé
William James,11 a contemporary of Osier, touched upon another important aspect of the complex makeup of substance abuse when he stated: The sway of alcohol over mankind is unquestionably due to its power to stimulate the mystical faculties of human nature, usually crushed to earth by the cold facts and dry criticisms of the sober hour. Sobriety diminishes, discriminates, and says no; drunkenness expands, unites, and says yes. It is, in fact, the greater excitor of the Yes function in man. It brings its votary from the chill periphery of things to their radiant core. It makes him for the moment one with truth. … it is part of the deeper mystery and tragedy of life that whiffs and gleams of something that we immediately recognize as excellent, should be vouchsafed to so many of us only in the fleeting earlier phases of what in its totality is so degrading a poison. The drunken consciousness is one bit of the mystic consciousness, and our total opinion of it must find its place in our opinion of that larger whole.
Substance use disorder and homelessness among American Indians and Alaska Natives in California
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
G. G. Ramos, A. E. West, C. Begay, V. M. Telles, J. D’Isabella, V. Antony, C. Soto
In addition to discussing multiple potential risk factors, participants also identified several challenges with seeking sobriety. Our participants expressed that personal motivation was required for individuals to start their path to recovery. This is a ubiquitous finding in the broader literature as well (Dillon et al., 2020; Elm et al., 2016; Gianotti-Avella, 2020; Gressler et al., 2019). Our participants also shared that not being ready (psychologically or emotionally) to make a change was a major barrier to seeking services (Dillon et al., 2020; Opsal et al., 2019). Similarly, participants stated that being in denial about their addiction was a challenge in the treatment seeking process. Not surprisingly, denial is a significant obstacle observed across many ethnic groups of people experiencing SUD (Dillon et al., 2020; Opsal et al., 2019). Previous research described that individuals’ own perceptions of their degree of debility tend to dictate their treatment seeking (Dillon et al., 2020; Teesson et al., 2006). Additional findings from our study highlighted that, similar to individuals from other ethnic and racial backgrounds, perceived stigma is a significant barrier to seeking services. Participants described feeling judged because they were experiencing homelessness and reported feeling ashamed of being dirty and fearful of being looked down upon when seeking services. Internal challenges were not the only obstacles to recovery that participants shared.
Capacity for Meaningful Relationship in Severe Substance Use Recovery: A Qualitative Study
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2023
Thomas G. Kimball, Sterling T. Shumway, Nicole D. Hune, Spencer D. Bradshaw
Participants were recruited from a city in the southwest United States. Purposive sampling was adopted to ensure that subjects shared similar characteristics, experiences, and knowledge of 12-step SUD recovery. Participants attended a variety of 12-step programs (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, etc.). Consistent with phenomenological studies, “in-depth information from a small number of people can be valuable, especially if the cases are information-rich” (Patton, 1990, p. 184). Our study achieved saturation with seven participants, which is within the recommended 6–20 sample size (Ellis, 2016). Participants were four males and three females between 18–53 years of age. Participants identified as White (85.4%) and Hispanic (14.6%), with one participant married, one divorced, and six participants single. The length of continuous sobriety ranged from 24 to 54 months (M = 35 months). All participants met inclusion criterion and provided informed consent prior to the start of the interview. This study obtained ethical approval through the Texas Tech University Institutional Review Board.
Testing mediational processes of substance use relapse among youth who participated in a mobile texting aftercare project
Published in Substance Abuse, 2022
Rachel Gonzales-Castaneda, James R. McKay, Jane Steinberg, Ken C. Winters, Chong Ho (Alex) Yu, Irene C. Valdovinos, Janna M. Casillas, Kyle C. McCarthy
In recognition of SUD recovery challenges the field has faced, there have been various attempts at improving the SUD system of care in terms of recovery support. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has established a working definition of SUD recovery that is characterized as a process of self-directed lifestyle change geared towards the pursuit of health and wellness that is highly personal (i.e., can occur through many pathways), with potential setbacks that are associated with life events/experiences.17 This working definition of recovery provides insight about what effective aftercare services should look like, such as aiming to promote continual growth and improvement in one’s health and wellness, facilitating ongoing monitoring, and building in clinical intervention set points to address any setbacks that may occur.18 Furthermore, it places the emphasis not on sobriety alone, but on the development and maintenance of health and the social processes of the recovery lifestyle, such as engaging in alternative health-promoting behaviors, which ultimately increases an individual’s intrinsic desire for sobriety.18