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Obtaining an Accurate Drug and Alcohol History
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
The most widely used test is the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test,1 and the simplest is the CAGE questionnaire.2 These tests are designed for use by alcoholics but can readily be modified for substance abuse. The CAGE questions can be incorporated into every history by asking verbally: Felt need to Cut down drinking?Ever felt Annoyed by criticism of drinking?Ever had Guilt feelings about drinking?Ever taken a morning Eye opener?
Deception and the Systemic Problem of Substance Abuse
Published in Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier, Detecting Malingering and Deception, 2020
Harold V. Hall, Joseph G. Poirier
This same concern regarding subscale items was also found in another self-report instrument, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Selzer, 1971). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was evaluated by Shields, Howell, Potter, and Weiss (2007) in a meta-analytic study, and the authors found it to be generally reliable for research models. The implication is that the PAI and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test may be useful in settings where substance-abusing patients are motivated to seek help and whose credibility can be generally assumed. When credibility cannot be assumed, these instruments will have significant limitations. The original PAI normative data (Morey, 1991) were derived exclusively with self-identified substance abusers, and this imposed an obvious and significant limitation on the applicability of the instrument.
Identifying Potential Drinking-Driving Recidivists: Do Non-Obvious Indicators Help?
Published in Elsie R. Shore, Joseph R. Ferrari, Preventing Drunk Driving, 2014
Thomas H. Nochajski, William F. Wieczorek
This study focused on the screening process of the New York State Drinking Driver Program (DDP). Screening procedures generally use measures that directly assess problems with alcohol and/or drugs. One of the problems with alcohol-specific measures, like the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST: Selzer, 1971) is that only individuals willing to identify themselves as having a problem are likely to be detected. Vingilis (1983) noted that DWI offenders may be unwilling to answer the direct questions truthfully, since they understand that by admitting to problems they will be mandated to treatment. Because of this falsification, individuals who are in the early stages of alcohol or drug problems, or those individuals who are trying to avoid detection will be missed (Babor, 1993; Saunders, Phic, & Kershaw, 1980). Since the literature indicates that appropriate treatment of drinking-drivers can result in reduced risk (Wells-Parker, Bangert-Drowns, McMillen, & Williams, 1995; Wieczorek, 1995), one result of the misidentification that may occur through the use of direct screening measures is increased drinking-driving recidivism and alcohol/drug-related crash rates.
Childhood abuse, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and alcohol misuse among African-American women
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2022
Ivonne Andrea Florez, Yara Mekawi, Kallio Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Katherine Frost Visser, Amber M. Clunie, Sarah E. Dunn, Nadine J. Kaslow
To assess alcohol misuse, we used the frequently administered 10-item self-report screening tool, the Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (bMAST) (Pokorny, Miller, & Kaplan, 1972). The bMAST examines negative consequences of alcohol use and self-perception of current drinking. Respondents answer “yes = 1” or “no = 0” to each question. An example item is: “Have you ever been arrested for drunk driving or driving after drinking?” Greater scores indicate higher levels of misuse. A recent comprehensive examination of the psychometric properties of this measure that aggregated and synthesized data from across 21 studies revealed that the measure has moderate levels of internal consistency reliability (0.73), which is higher in clinical samples (0.82); adequate test–retest reliability; and robust convergent validity (Minnich et al., 2019). Adequate internal consistency was obtained in the current study (α = 0.83).
Hypermethylation of the OPRM1 and ALDH2 promoter regions in Chinese Han males with alcohol use disorder in Yunnan Province
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2021
Linlin Liu, Xiaopei Yang, Fei Zhao, Changqing Gao, Ning Zhang, Jianjun Bao, Kuan Li, Xulan Zhang, Xiaoxiao Lu, Ye Ruan, Shurong Zhong
Patients with AUD were diagnosed by the licensed and experienced psychiatrists of the Alcohol and Drug Dependence Treatment Department of the Mental Hospital of Yunnan Province according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (DSM-5) criteria (1). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) (35) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (36) were used to screen patients’ psychiatric and drinking conditions. Exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) those who had comorbidity with other current non-tobacco use disorder, including sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics; 2) those who had significant physical illnesses; and 3) those who had other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression or suffered from severe cognitive impairment with difficulty in understanding the study content. Ninety Han male patients with AUD (N = 90, age: 43.12 ± 7.70) were enrolled in this study after signing the informed consent form. Patients’ drinking histories, such as age of first drinking and the average daily amount of alcohol consumption (which was amended into pure ethanol) in the last month, were collected. Peripheral blood was collected on the first day of admission.
Psychometric properties of the short version of the children of alcoholics screening test (CAST-6) among Swedish adolescents
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Tobias H. Elgán, Anne H. Berman, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, Anders Hammarberg, Camilla Jalling, Håkan Källmén
Children growing up with parental alcohol problems have an elevated risk for several adverse health outcomes, including early alcohol use [6–11]. It is therefore important to have validated and reliable screening instruments available, in order to identify children at risk so that they can be offered timely support. For this purpose, single questions [12] and more extended questionnaires such as the 13-item short version of the modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (M/F-SMAST) [13] have been utilized. Another available screening questionnaire is the six-item Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6, Table 1) [14]. The CAST-6 was developed from the original 30-item CAST instrument using three distinct adult samples: substance use disorder outpatients, psychiatric outpatients and medical students [15]. The CAST-6 has shown high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86–0.92), and concurrent validity (r = 0.93) when compared to the original CAST among adults [12,14], and good test-retest reliability (r = 0.78), albeit within a large time frame of one year, when rated by 6th and 7th graders (i.e. 11 to 13 year-olds) [16]. Two alternative cut-off scores have been proposed, one a more inclusive cut-off at 2 points and another more conservative one at 3 points [14,16,17].