China 
Africa 
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Key to mental health in the community
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Billy C.F. Chiu, Yumi Y.T. Chan
Community psychiatry and health care technologies are consistently making progress. For example, functional neuroimaging would enable much deeper insight and understanding of what is going on in the brain for most mental illnesses. Telemedicine enhances the delivery of psychiatric service especially for the elderly segment and people in the rural areas. In 2020, teleconsultation was catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Behavioral medicine: principles and practices
Published in Julie M Schirmer MSW, Alain J Montegut MD, Stephen J Spann MD, Gabriel Ivbijaro MD, Alfred Loh MD, Behavioral Medicine in Primary Care, 2017
Julie M Schirmer, Le Hoang Ninh
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that it should be primary healthcare practitioners who bring mental health and behavioral healthcare to the community level of care.5,6 Desjarlais and colleagues suggest basic principles for countries to improve mental health services, which include the following: ➤ national and regional commitment to mental healthcare➤ deinstitutionalization and decriminalization of mental illness➤ development of community psychiatry➤ development of special mental health units in district hospitals➤ the use of psychiatrists as teachers and consultants to non-physician primary practitioners➤ the involvement of families in care and recovery➤ the use of public health interventions (safety, clean air and water, shelter, and food) to prevent and reduce disability.3
Overview
Published in Dinesh Bhugra, Samson Tse, Roger Ng, Nori Takei, Routledge Handbook of Psychiatry in Asia, 2015
Santosh K. Chaturvedi, Geetha Desai
The mental health services have been gradually evolving over the years, however, growth in these countries is at different levels. Despite mental health problems being recognized as a major health concern, the development of services has not kept pace with other specialties. Mental asylums have been gradually replaced by mental hospitals or institutions. There has also been significant growth in the number of general hospital psychiatry units. Community psychiatry mainly focuses on epilepsy, mental retardation and psychoses.
Controversial aspects of community psychiatry: the Italian experience*
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2018
The different types of intervention defined as ‘community psychiatry’ are actually organizational systems aimed at reaching patients and offering them treatments, rehabilitation and social inclusion. Therefore, ‘community psychiatry’ is not a type of treatment per sé, but is merely a vehicle for providing psychiatric interventions at the territorial level. It is probably necessary to admit that, behind the emphasis on the concept of ‘community psychiatry’, there lies a certain neglectfulness in declaring which care profiles are really used in the DSMs and why.
Utilization of psychiatric services prior to suicide- a retrospective comparison of users with and without previous suicide attempts
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2023
Sara Probert-Lindström, Marjan Vaez, Elin Fröding, Anna Ehnvall, Tabita Sellin, Livia Ambrus, Erik Bergqvist, Nina Palmqvist-Öberg, Margda Waern, Åsa Westrin
Independent variables included: Gender was categorized as men and women. Age at time of suicide was categorized as ≤19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, ≥70. Psychiatric diagnoses refer to a diagnosis noted in the medical record at the last contact with psychiatric health care services, as ICD-10 codes in chapter F using three digits (e.g., F32.1) (World Health Organization, 1992). Comorbidity refers to two or more psychiatric diagnoses (any) noted in the medical record at the last contact with psychiatric health care services. The number of days between the last contact with psychiatric services and the suicide (“proximity of psychiatric care”) was transformed into a categorical variable (one week, one-four weeks, over four weeks up to three months, over three months up to one year, more than one year). The total length of the psychiatric treatment was coded as the number of days between the first psychiatric health care contact and the suicide. If the contact exceeded two years, it was assigned a maximum of 730 days. The continuous variable was transformed into a categorical variable (up to three months, three months up to one year, one year up to two years, or two years or more). Psychiatric treatment includes interventions, such as pharmacological treatment, psychotherapy (any method, offered by a therapist with at least basic psychotherapy training), counseling (supportive talk therapy, without specific training), physiotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and daycare treatment. All interventions were analyzed as ongoing yes/no or planned yes/no. Community psychiatry refers to support offered by social services, typically including supportive interventions in the home environment. Assessments of suicide risk refer to whether suicide risk was assessed within four weeks before death (yes/no) and whether suicide risk was assessed as elevated at the last visit to a psychiatrist (yes/no).