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Set Recovery Goals
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Beyond the harmful health consequences for people with an addictive disorder, addiction causes serious health problems for others. Well-documented examples include the negative effects of drug use while pregnant or breastfeeding, the harmful effects of secondhand smoke, the increased spread of infectious diseases, and the higher risk of motor vehicle accidents to name a few.
Psychosocial Interventions for Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee defines psychosocial interventions as “interpersonal or informational activities, techniques, or strategies that target biological, behavioral, cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, social, or environmental factors with the aim of improving health functioning and well-being.” These interventions can be used for drug and process addictions at various stages of treatment and at different levels of care. They aim to identify the problem, treat it, and assist with social reintegration. Interventions are either used alone or in conjunction with pharmacotherapy, depending on the addictive disorder and available evidence.
The Harmful Dysfunction Analysis of Addiction
Published in Hanna Pickard, Serge H. Ahmed, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction, 2019
The harmful dysfunction view allows a distinction to be drawn between harmless dysfunctions that are not medical disorders versus harmful dysfunctions that are medical disorders. Among addictions, a distinction can thus be drawn between “addiction” per se and “addictive disorder.” Various cultures may have practices that render certain addictions harmless and not disorders. For example, in our society, a moderate addiction to caffeine can be harmless and not qualify as a medical disorder because caffeine use is accepted for performance enhancement and caffeine is freely available. However, if caffeine intake is harmful due to medical issues, caffeine addiction may then qualify as an addictive disorder. The distinction between addiction and addictive disorder might be likened to the DSM-5 distinction between paraphilias, which are sexual deviations but not necessarily disorders, and paraphilic disorders, in which the sexual deviation causes harm (Wakefield 2011, 2012) – although it is noteworthy that DSM-5 allows the harm in some categories of paraphilic disorder to include harm to others in the form of acting on sexual impulses with a nonconsenting individual, whereas the primary harm in addiction is the distress or impairment of the addicted individual. Like most writers on addiction, I consider only harmful addictions here, so I ignore the terminological niceties and use the term ‘addiction’ for addictive disorder.
“I see myself”: Craving imagery among individuals with addictive disorders
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2023
Viktor Månsson, Jackie Andrade, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, Anne H. Berman
There were some differences in craving contexts and anticipated outcomes related to the addictive disorder. Participants with GD described external stimuli associated with craving to a larger extent, and anticipated effects involved gaining financial assets and through them restored identity and even hope. This is in contrast to participants with AUD, whose descriptions commonly involved internal stimuli associated with craving and anticipation of short-term emotional outcomes such as experiencing relief or stress reduction: some of the participants with AUD specifically mentioned an anticipated and rather immediate dampening effect of sensory activation, resembling short-term stress reduction. This could be viewed such that gambling craving to a larger extent involves positive expectation, or reward, while alcohol craving leans more toward relief. Even though relief cravings have been reported in GD, and incorporated in measures of gambling craving, such as the Gambling Craving Scale,50 they might be more prominent in alcohol cravings. Some have argued that gambling cravings do not emerge from wanting relief from negative emotions, but rather from a lack of positive experiences.51 In accordance, participants with GD in the present study reported that cravings could emerge in low stimuli situations, with the expectancy of heightened arousal and focus through gambling.
An addictive disorders severity model: a chained mediation analysis using structural equation modeling
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2023
Alessio Gori, Eleonora Topino, Marco Cacioppo, Giuseppe Craparo, Adriano Schimmenti, Vincenzo Caretti
Specifically, temperamental disinhibition showed a significant positive total effect in its relationship with Addictive disorder severity (β = .69, p < .001, see Table 4). Temperamental disinhibition was also significantly and positively associated with Emotional dysregulation (Path a1 in Figure 1; β = .90, p < .001), which, in turn, was significantly and positively related to interpersonal vulnerability (Path a3 in Figure 1; β = .67, p < .01). Furthermore, interpersonal vulnerability showed a significant and positive association with Addictive disorder severity (Path b2 in Figure 1; β = .61, p < .05). Finally, the relationship between temperamental disinhibition and Addictive disorder severity was reduced after controlling for the mediation variables, emotional dysregulation and interpersonal vulnerability, becoming non-significant (Path c’ in Figure 1; β = .19, p = .458) and therefore suggesting a total chained mediation.
Comparing Enacted and Perceived Parental Communication as Predictors of Adolescents’ Emotion Regulation in Families with Harmful versus Non-Harmful Parental Alcohol Use
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2023
Marie C. Haverfield, Jennifer A. Theiss
Adolescents are even more susceptible to issues stemming from their parent’s alcohol use than younger children due to the longevity of exposure to the behavior and negative outcomes resulting from it (Peleg-Oren & Teichman, 2006). In addition, during adolescence the brain is in-development, which can make it difficult to manage emotions experienced (Cozzolino, 2006; Straussner & Fewell, 2011). At the same time, hormonal changes are also rapidly taking place impacting the amygdala, or area of emotion control, which can intensify emotional experiences. Thus, adolescents often appear to make rash decisions, seem narcissistic, be overly dramatic, and make poor judgments (Cozzolino, 2006). The stressful experiences of being an adolescent also add to the difficulty in coping with stressors at home. Developmental issues that emerge in childhood are often exacerbated during adolescence and into adulthood. In many cases, these problems lead to addiction, with more than half of the adolescents exposed to substance abuse developing an addictive disorder (Saraceno, Munaf, Heron, Craddock, van den Bree, 2009; Biederman, Faraone, Monuteaux, & Feighner, 2000; Rothman, Edwards, Heeren, & Hingson, 2008). As with most children exposed to harmful parental alcohol use, feelings of guilt and shame related to a parent’s drinking are also present and may be associated with fear of disclosure regarding their parent’s behaviors and related outcomes to family and/or health care professionals (Straussner & Fewell, 2011).