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Closing Loops, Easing Strains
Published in Anil Kumar, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, Syed Abdul Rehman Khan, Circular Economy for the Management of Operations, 2020
Lucas López-Manuel, Fernando León-Mateos, Antonio Sartal
However, due to their characteristic interconnectivity, CSFs require principles from the deployment of communication and IT, highlighting the use of interoperability approaches (i.e. IoT, Internet of Services [IoS], and Internet of People [IoP]) and BDA to make the most of their benefits (Niesen et al., 2016; Gilchrist, 2016; Hortelano et al., 2017). Interoperability is the cornerstone for the components of a network – such as control systems, decision systems, human resources and intelligent equipment – to be connected and coordinated, sharing the data needed for optimal functioning (Tortorella and Fettermann, 2018; Zheng et al., 2018). In these environments, the IoT, IoP and IoS become intertwined, triggering the appearance of multilayered communication flows called the Big Internet (TBI).
LLVM-based stochastic error propagation analysis of manually developed software components
Published in Stein Haugen, Anne Barros, Coen van Gulijk, Trond Kongsvik, Jan Erik Vinnem, Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018
A. Morozov, K. Janschek, Y. Zhou
Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) plays an important role in the development of modern safetycritical systems. Advanced MBSE toolchains support the system development starting from high-level design up to deployment and testing. MAT-LAB Simulink (MathWorks 2017 a) and Stateflow (MathWorks 2017b) dominate in the field of control software development. Nowadays trends such a Cyber-Physical Systems and System of Systems lead to the continuously increasing complexity and heterogeneity of components and interfaces, as well as more and more advanced software parts. The increasing complexity brings new challenges for system analysis. Classical reliability and safety evaluation methods, recommended in nowadays industrial standards, such as Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), fail to describe system behavioral aspects in a sufficiently deep manner. Therefore, additional, sophisticated and highly specialized methods for the analysis of the effects of unavoidable faults are required. Recently introduced Dual-graph Error Propagation Model (DEPM) (Morozov & Janschek 2014) is a stochastic framework that captures system properties relevant to error propagation processes. The DEPM helps to estimate the impact of a fault of a particular component on the overall system reliability, e.g. to compute the mean number of erroneous values in critical system outputs.
Airport operations a system-of-systems approach
Published in Mo Jamshidi, Systems of Systems Engineering, 2017
Saeid Nahavandi, Doug Creighton, Michael Johnstone, Vu T. Le
What is a system of systems (SoS)? This question is made clearer by describing attributes that are frequently associated with systems of systems. A system of systems is composed of a collection of systems that are able to function individually or independently. There is no requirement between the separate systems to enable them to exist; however, when the individual systems are brought together, the gains from the system of systems is greater than the sum of the gains from the individual systems. This attribute rules out complex systems, such as the human body. Although it can be argued that removal of one airport business function might cause the entire sector to collapse, it could still function in some form. This differs from the human body where, for example, without the nervous system the circulatory system would cease to function.
Smart city data architecture for energy prosumption in municipalities: concepts, requirements, and future directions
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
DoDAF provides guidance and rules for consistency descriptions in achieving final products. Thus, ensuring that a common term is used for comparing and integrating different systems, as well as systems of systems to achieve interoperability and interaction of systems (Rouhani et al. 2013). Conceptually, DODAF is analogous to FEAF in practice, but it was developed for a specific enterprise and was not developed to be utilized beyond those bounds. In comparison to other framework such as TOGAF and Gartner which were developed to address general issue within EA development across different organizations. DODAF was designed to solve a wide array of specific issues within a singular organizational context (Urbaczewski and Mrdalj 2006). DODAF provides a model-driven template that can be used to aggregate and transfer data based on a specific architectural area. It also comprises of a view model to be employed as a facet for supporting and guiding decision makers in strategic or tactical issues (Rouhani et al. 2013).
Evaluating the environmental performance of pipeline construction using systems modelling
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2020
Mohamed Matar, Hesham Osman, Maged Georgy, Azza Abou-Zeid, Moheeb Elsaid
From an environmental system scope, the same system analysis methodology can be extended to include other evaluation dimensions, such as economic and social dimensions, upgrading the scope from environmental evaluation only to full evaluation of sustainability with its multidimensional nature. This shall require overcoming several data challenges, given that the social dimension in particular typically includes considerable amounts of qualitative data with potential subjectivity. A robust process of normalizing this type of data is an area of future investigation. The authors believe that the use of the system of systems approach offers considerable advantages in terms of model scalability and robustness to include other dimensions of interest (social, economic, etc…).
Advances in systems of systems engineering foundations and methodologies
Published in Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering, 2021
Stephen C. Cook, Jaci M. Pratt
The concept of Systems of Systems (SoS) arose in the late twentieth century through the increasing recognition that many large, often global, systems underpinning society arise through the integration of pre-existing systems. Often cited examples from the early literature include telecommunication networks, the Internet, air traffic control, military forces and systems, transport systems, and international banking systems. The Australian Department of Defence (ADoD) has been interested in the potential of SoSE to aid in the integration of communications systems, command and control systems, and operational military capabilities for many years.