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Summary of the main legal requirements
Published in Phil Hughes, Ed Ferrett, Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, 2015
Machinery and accessories for lifting loads shall be clearly marked to indicate their SWL, and: where the SWL depends on the configuration of the lifting equipment: the machinery should be clearly marked to indicate its SWL for each configuration;information which clearly indicates its SWL for each configuration should be kept with the machinery.accessories for lifting (e.g. hooks, slings) are also marked in such a way that it is possible to identify the characteristics necessary for their safe use (e.g. if they are part of an assembly);lifting equipment which is designed for lifting people is appropriately and clearly marked;lifting equipment not designed for lifting people, but which might be used in error, should be clearly marked to show it is not for lifting people.
Safe moving and storing of materials
Published in Mike Tooley, Engineering Technologies Level 3, 2017
The safe working load (SWL) of lifting equipment is the maximum load that the equipment can safely lift. If more than the SWL is applied there is a risk of failure which can be catastrophic, resulting in serious damage to both the load and lifting equipment as well as injury to personnel working nearby. Because of this all lifting equipment, including accessories, must be clearly marked to indicate their SWL. This information should also relate to the different configurations in which the equipment can be used. For example, where the hook of an engine hoist can be moved to different positions, the SWL should be shown for each position.
Applications of mechanical systems and technology
Published in Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson, Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Alan Darbyshire, Charles Gibson
Mobile jib cranes are often used in outdoor storage areas for loading, unloading and re-positioning materials. Static jib cranes such as that shown in Figure 4.65 are sometimes installed in indoor work areas for lifting heavy components at a workstation. All types of cranes and lifting device should be clearly marked with the safe working load, e.g., SWL 500 kg. This must never be exceeded. Routine maintenance on cranes is generally limited to cleaning and lubricating the moving parts and inspecting the wire ropes and electrical cables for wear or damage.
Dynamic investigation of a seven-tier container stack with different lashing arrangements subject to rolling and pitching excitation
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2021
Chuntong Li, Zhonghua Cai, Deyu Wang
Most of the current standards and specifications for lashing and container stack safety calculations rely on static conditions. For example, the GL specification defines that the lashing force acting on the stack and lashing bridges is 61% of the Safe Working Load (SWL) of the lashing rod (GL 2013). Hull movement is ignored in the safety assessment of the container stack in various classification society rules. A quasi-static calculation method is adopted, i.e. when the stack reaches the maximum inclination angle, an acceleration is applied at the centre of gravity to obtain the stack deformation and the internal load of the system (GL 2013; CCS 2018; BV 2019). At the University of Trieste, researchers focused on the prediction of forces acting on the container stack and lashing devices (Bulian et al. 2015; Moro et al. 2015). Brocco et al. (2015) constructed a simplified finite element model that can simulate the deformation of the stack through the quasi-static calculation method (GL 2013; CCS 2018; BV 2019), thus decreasing the computational cost of the simulations to a great extent. The investigations revealed that the container loss in the Bay of Biscay in 2006 happened in extreme sea conditions. Besides, it is hardly be covered by reasonably design values for container stacks and lashing systems in the classification rules. Due to the special dynamic combination in extreme sea conditions, the load in the system may exceed expectations (Wolf et al. 2011). Consequently, it is urgent to better understand the complex dynamic behaviour of container stacks and lashing systems.