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Electrohydraulic Systems Control
Published in Qin Zhang, Basics of Hydraulic Systems, 2019
PID controller stands for proportional-integral-derivative controller and is a classical control method with well-developed controller design and tuning methodologies. As one of the most commonly applied control methods, PID controllers have been applied in many fields of automation, including electrohydraulic system controls. Figure 9.13 shows the system block diagram of a typical PID controller that utilizes a feedback signal reflecting the actual operational state of the hydraulic system to improve accuracy in motion control. When a PID controller receives control command (the set point), the controller will first compare with the feedback signal to detect the difference (the error) between the set point and the feedback, and then make a correction on the outputting control signal in order to minimize the error. PID control is the complete form of three-mode feedback controls and can automatically make accurate and responsive corrections to a control function in response to the detected error (P), the error-changing rate (D), and the accumulated total error (I) at any particular moment. Because of its ability to make control adjustments in response to errors in actual system outputs, PID control can effectively reduce the undesirable behaviors induced by external disturbances.
Instruments for Data Acquisition
Published in Felix Alberto Farret, Marcelo Godoy Simões, Danilo Iglesias Brandão, Electronic Instrumentation for Distributed Generation and Power Processes, 2017
Felix Alberto Farret, Marcelo Godoy Simões, Danilo Iglesias Brandão
PLC is widely applied to industrial and automation processes, such as processing control, manufacturing automation, integration of automation systems, manufacturing and assembly lines, building automation, and power plant control, wherever controlling, automation, and monitoring functions are required. The tasks of PLC have been rapidly multiplied: timer and counter functions, memory setting and resetting, and mathematical computing operation that can be executed by any of today’s PLCs. Some of the functions and their usual applications are as follows:Sequencing: used for machine tools, e.g., Computer Numerical Control (CNC), to control axis position, torque, forward speed, and acceleration, among others.Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller: commonly used in metal-mechanical industry, chemical industry, petrochemical industry, textile factory, and power plant generation to control quantities such as position, rotation, speed, temperature, pressure, flow, force, voltage, and power, among others.Interlocking: used for production and automated assembly lines, frequently substituting the original commands based on relays. It is usual in high-risk applications, where reliable systems are required, such as petrochemical industry, nuclear power plants, and chemical industry.
Utilisation of PID controller in explicit solver
Published in Alphose Zingoni, Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 2016
J. Vorel, M. Marcon, R. Wendner, D. Pelessone, G. Cusatis
A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller was originally developed from a governor device, which was used to measure and regulate the speed of a machine. It was subsequently developed and used within automatic ship steering and then for use as a pneumatic controller (Bennett 1996). More recently PID controllers are used within a wide range of applications from industrial ovens to packaging machines. In general, a PID controller is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) commonly used in industrial control systems. A PID controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint. The controller attempts to minimise the error over time by adjustment of a control variable.
A fuzzy logic-based intelligent decision support system for the selection of an appropriate input-shaping technique for controlling flexible link systems
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2022
Gulay Akkar Kocak, Hasan Huseyin Bilgic, Caglar Conker
The mathematical model for the flexible link is modelled and used to design input-shaping techniques. The tip deflection of the link and the position of the servo motor are measured in radians. Motor position was controlled using a PID provided by Quanser. PID is one of the frequently used controllers in industrial applications. PID controller attempts to eliminate the error between a measured process variable and the desired set point. PID approach calculates and corrects the command signal in order to minimize error in a very short time period, which provides a rapid and more sensitive process. In the present study, PID controller parameters (Kp = 42.5, Ki = 0, Kd = 0.875) suggested by Quanser were used. Figure 2 shows both the simulation modelled in Maple and the experimental results; simulation and experiment closely match, indicating that the experimental setup can be realistically modelled by the mathematical model.
Mathematical modelling and controller design using electromagnetic techniques for sugar industry process
Published in Automatika, 2021
The PID controller is a combination of proportional, integral and derivative controller, which is widely employed in most of the industrial control applications because of its simplicity. Most of the closed loop-based industrial process is controlled only with the help of PID controllers here (r) is the reference input signal and (e) shows the tracking error corresponding to the feedback signal (y) where the controller action is based on the tracking error signal. Kp is Proportional gain, Ki is Integral gain, Kd is Derivative gain, U is controller output and G(S) is plant model. Among the traditional tuning methods for PID controllers in control theories, Ziegler Nichols tuning method, one of the conventional controllers, is widely used in industrial PID tuning.
A modified camel travelling behaviour algorithm for engineering applications
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2019
Ramzy S. Ali, Falih M. Alnahwi, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah
PID controller refers to proportional-integral-derivative controller which continuously calculate an error signal between a desired set point and the output of a certain system . Figure 8 exhibits an arbitrary system with open loop transfer function controlled by a PID controller (Kluever 2015). The function of the PID controller is based on reducing the error signal to a minimum value to insure output signal with minimised deviation from the desired set point. This can be achieved by optimising the value of the proportional coefficient , the integration coefficient and the derivative coefficient . An everyday example of the PID controller is the cruise control of the vehicles. The transfer function of the PID controller is given by (Kluever 2015):