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Advanced Fission Technologies and Systems
Published in William J. Nuttall, Nuclear Renaissance, 2022
Having considered advanced fuel cycles, we now shift our attention to advanced reactor systems beyond the commercialised technologies of water-cooled and gas-cooled approaches. One particular approach is to use an accelerator-based source of neutrons to drive a subcritical reactor. A fast reactor of this type could be especially useful in partitioned waste transmutation. Arguably the use of a driving accelerator brings safety benefits and allows for the inevitably weaker waste-fuel tolerances required for waste burning.
Study of Reactor Core Loading Monitoring at the GUINEVERE Facility
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2023
A. Bailly, J.-L. Lecouey, A. Billebaud, S. Chabod, A. Kochetkov, A. Krása, F.-R. Lecolley, G. Lehaut, N. Marie, N. Messaoudi, G. Vittiglio, J. Wagemans
The VENUS-F reactor is a fast spectrum research reactor. It can be used as a standalone critical reactor, as well as a subcritical reactor when coupled to the GENEPI-3C accelerator. The reactor is comprised in a cylindrical vessel that is 160 cm in diameter and 140 cm in height. This vessel contains a square stainless steel casing surrounding a 12 × 12 matrix designed to receive 144 assemblies of -square section. In order to help localize the various assemblies and detectors, an arbitrary coordinate system is used in the 12 × 12 matrix: the upper left corner is labeled (−6,6) and the lower right one (6, −6) [there is no (0,0) element]. Above and below the stainless steel casing are lead axial reflectors, and the radial spaces between the cylindrical vessel and the casing are filled by semicircular lead plates constituting the outer reflector. Some cavities are present in the outer reflector to allow the insertion of detectors. In this work, only the cavities labeled A1, C1, and C2 (see Fig. 1) were used.
Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of Beam Window and Beam Tube for ADS Granular Flow Target
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2022
Weiping Deng, Yanbin Zhang, Huan Jia, Tao Wan, Weifeng Yang, Chengwen Qiang, Long Li, Fei Wang, Honglin Ge, Fei Ma, Xueying Zhang
The accelerator driven system (ADS) was proposed in the 1990s to transmute minor actinides and long-lived radioactive fission products from nuclear waste by high flux neutrons.1 In order to obtain high enough neutron flux, a megawatt-level proton accelerator is required for transmutation demonstration and at least 10 MW of beam power is required for industrial-scale transmutation. An ADS consists of three subsystems: accelerator, spallation target, and subcritical reactor. The spallation target produces neutrons by bombardment of a high-energy proton beam from the accelerator. Then, these neutrons are used to drive the reactor and transform nuclear waste. Obviously, the spallation target, which is a physical and functional interface between the accelerator and the subcritical reactor, is a crucial subsystem of the ADS.
Study of External Source Effects for Different Multibeam Concept for Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Reactor for Nuclear Waste Transmutation (ADS-NWT)
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2022
Zhongliang Lv, Zhong Chen, Zijia Zhao, Dongmei Pan, Lichao Tian, Xiaohu Yang
The accelerator-driven subcritical reactor (ADS) is one of the advanced reactor types with a high potential for the development of new-generation nuclear energy because of its good inherent safety, wide neutron spectrum, and high neutron balance.1,2 This system mainly aims to transmute long-lived radioactive waste, such as the minor actinides (MAs). The traditional ADS system3–5 consists of three main parts, namely, an accelerator for generating primary protons, a spallation target where the high energy of protons produces free neutrons in spallation reactions, and a subcritical core that is loaded with MAs or other nuclear fuel (Fig. 1).