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Production of Biopolymeric Nanomaterials and Nanofibres from Agro-Industrial Waste and Their Applications
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Parmjit S. Panesar, Valorization of Agro-Industrial Byproducts, 2023
Muhammad Umar, Chaichawin Chavapradit, Anil Kumar Anal
During the extraction of oil from rapeseed, the residue press cake is produced in bulk as waste material. Due to its high protein content, further processing creates a large amount of fibrous by-product; hydrothermal carbonization can convert it into carbon nanoparticles, which can be combined into micrometric spheres by acetone precipitation. These microspheres can be utilized for the encapsulation of compounds. These nanoparticles were effective biocidal agents, exhibiting cellular damage to bacteria (Das Purkayastha et al., 2014). Within a network of whey protein, nanoparticles of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate were grafted to obtain a nano-biocomposite material. Dynamic light scattering confirms the stability of particles with a zeta-potential of −40 mV and a size of 80 nm (Corrado et al., 2021). Soy protein nanoparticles (72.42 nm) were fabricated from an isolate of defatted soy flour. These particles were added to yoghurt, which shows better antiradical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties against ferric ion. Fortified yoghurt had higher proteolytic activity and oxidative stability (Sengupta et al., 2019). In a study, milk was utilized to fabricate silver nanoparticles because it is nontoxic and environmentally friendly. Moreover, milk is readily available in large supply as a renewable resource. Without using any stabilizing or reducing agent, highly stable and bactericidal nanoparticles were produced with reasonable control over their size (Pandey et al., 2020).
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Published in Ozcan Konur, Bioenergy and Biofuels, 2017
Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a winter annual belonging to the Brassicaceae family that is also known as stinkweed or French weed. Members of this plant family are attractive as alternative feedstocks because they evolved to thrive in and originated mostly within the northern temperate climate zone (Moser, 2012). Many members also produce seeds with high oil content and include commercially important species such as Brassica napus (rapeseed). Native to Eurasia but with an extensive distribution throughout the world, field pennycress is highly adapted to a wide variety of climatic conditions. Considered an agricultural pest (weed), field pennycress may serve in a summer–winter rotational cycle with commodity crops (such as soybean), thus not displacing existing agricultural production. Field pennycress is tolerant of fallow lands, requires minimal agricultural inputs, is not part of the food chain, has high oil content (20–36 wt%), and is compatible with existing farm infrastructure (Isbell, 2009). Oil is readily expelled from seeds using a conventional heavy-duty screw press to yield both liquid (oil) and solid (press cake) fractions (Evangelista et al., 2012). The press cake inhibits seedling germination and emergence of agricultural pests, thus suggesting biofumigation properties (Vaughn et al., 2005). Erucic acid is the principal component of field pennycress oil (36.2%; Table 4.5). The remaining FA distribution consists mostly of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids.
Biomass
Published in Roy L. Nersesian, Energy Economics, 2016
Photobioreactors contain algae within a closed system that drastically reduces land necessary to grow algae and water lost to evaporation, but adds considerably to capital costs. There is a great deal of biological science involved with photobioreactors to select the right type of algae from thousands of varieties, the correct temperature and pH of water, and the right mix of carbon dioxide and nutrients. Technological challenges include the design of an effective photobioreactor for high productivity, ease of removing algae, and low capital costs. As with algal ponds, a portion of algal water in a photobioreactor is removed and run through a centrifuge to remove algae, which must be dried before being pressed to remove the oil. The residual press cake can be used for a variety of purposes including bioethanol production, with the remaining residue being a nutritious animal feed. Drying and pressing oil out of algae is a fairly expensive process and more economical processes are being explored.
Proximate composition, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity of solid state fermented peanut press cake
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Joginder Singh Duhan, Prince Chawla, Suresh Kumar, Aarti Bains, Pardeep Kumar Sadh
Press cake or oil cakes are the solid residue obtained after the processing of oil seeds. Most of the solid residue or press cakes are directly used for animal feed. In India, a huge amount of peanut is produced every year as India is the largest producer of peanut all over the world.[1] As the production of peanut increased, so the production of oil and peanut press cake (solid part) enhanced. The press cake residue has been expressed from the kernels (seeds) is very valuable stock feed with approximately 50% by weight of protein and in most of the countries, it is used as food constituents. Groundnuts are a very rich source of protein and fat.[2] These are exceptionally rich in niacin.[3] It is also used in the preparation of groundnut butter.