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Fabric creation
Published in Claudia E. Henninger, Kirsi Niinimäki, Marta Blazquez, Celina Jones, Sustainable Fashion Management, 2023
Claudia E. Henninger, Kirsi Niinimäki, Marta Blazquez, Celina Jones
With only 10 per cent of clothing waste in Europe recycled and 8 per cent reused (Ütebay et al., 2020), there have been calls for dramatic changes in the industry (WRAP, 2020). This case study utilises the 3R framework (reuse, recycle, reduce) to illustrate how pre-consumer waste (e.g., in cotton jersey T-shirt fabrics) and post-consumer waste (in woven denim fabrics) could be eliminated through:The reuse of pre-consumer waste (knitted T-shirt jersey).The recycling of post-consumer waste (woven denim fabric) into skeins.How using these yarns to knit their own clothes encourages consumers to reduce consumption.
Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling
Published in Charles R. Rhyner, Leander J. Schwartz, Robert B. Wenger, Mary G. Kohrell, Waste Management and Resource Recovery, 2017
Charles R. Rhyner, Leander J. Schwartz, Robert B. Wenger, Mary G. Kohrell
Recycling, the third element in the integrated waste management list, is the topic of this section and the remainder of this chapter. In discussing this topic it is important to distinguish between “post-consumer” and “pre-consumer” recyclable materials. The classification is based on the source of the materials. Post-consumer recyclables, as defined in the federal Resource Recovery and Conservation Act, are those products generated by a business or consumer that have served their intended end uses. Pre-consumer materials are materials and by-products generated from, and commonly reused within, an original manufacturing process. Sometimes pre-consumer recyclable material is called “home” or “prompt” scrap.
Analysing problems and opportunities to deliver sustainable solutions
Published in Adrian Belcham, Manual of Enviromental Management, 2014
Difficulties aside, however, recycling is a crucial part of the waste management strategies of many countries with significant opportunities in multiple areas. Pre-consumer recycling (of factory waste, for example) tends to be particularly viable, because the waste material is often available in quantity, is readily separated from other waste and there is often a market close at hand for the end product.
Through Plane Networked Graphene Oxide/Polyester Hybrid Thermal Interface Material for Heat Management Applications
Published in Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2022
Textile substrates are flexible and soft and are suitable to fill the gap between the heat sink and heat-producing components. However, textile fibers mostly made up of cotton and polyester, are thermally insulating, making them unsuitable for the purpose. Coating textile-based materials with highly conductive materials such as graphene seem to be a promising method to make it conductive, as reported by many previous works [19, 20]. A summary of textile based TIM is given in Table 1. Concerns related to textile waste are also rising, which can be separated into two categories: pre-consumer waste and post-consumer waste. The pre-consumer waste is generally the cutting waste (leftover fabric after giving structure through cutting) from the garment industries, contributing to around 25% of textile waste [21]. Most of the post-consumer fabrics are recycled since the have a stable structure. Polyester is the most popular textile material, accounting for more than 80% of synthetic textiles with personal and industrial applications. Polyester is a non-biodegradable textile which causes a significant environmental burden [22, 23]. A thermal interface material combining the cutting waste of non-biodegradable polyester nonwoven fabrics with graphene oxide would be very beneficial from a sustainability point of view. These materials can be replaced and used repetitively, minimizing pre-consumer waste from the textile industry.