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Advanced Fission Technologies and Systems
Published in William J. Nuttall, Nuclear Renaissance, 2022
Meanwhile, the European Union has chosen lead-cooled fast reactor as one of its main technologies of interest in the scope of its membership of the Generation IV International Forum. The EU ambitions take the form of a project known as ALFRED. The vision originating from 2010 is for a compact pool-type molten lead fast reactor generating 300 MWth. The World Nuclear Association reports that: ‘ALFRED will be built at ICN’s facility in Mioveni, near Pitesti in southern Romania. It will supply 120 MWe to the electrical grid’ [230]. The WNA further notes that: ‘Alfred is seen as a prelude to an industrial demonstration unit of about 600 MWe. The lead-cooled reactor will employ mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel with about 17% plutonium, and will operate at temperatures of around 550°C’ [230].
Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Energy Conversion, 2017
Kenneth D. Kok, Edwin A. Harvego
Lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) is a fast-neutron spectrum reactor cooled by either molten liquid or a lead-bismuth eutectic liquid metal. It is designed for the efficient conversion of fertile uranium and management of actinides in a closed fuel cycle. The reactor core for this design, shown in Figure 15.9, utilizes a metal- or nitride-based fuel containing fertile uranium and transuranics. As shown in Figure 15.9, LFR relies on natural convection to cool the reactor core. Outlet temperature for the current reactor concept is about 550°C, but with advanced materials, reactor outlet temperatures of 800°C may be possible. An indirect gas Brayton cycle is used to produce electrical power.
Economics of Nuclear Power
Published in Kenneth D. Kok, Nuclear Engineering Handbook, 2016
The lead-cooled fast reactor uses either lead or lead–bismuth eutectic in the primary coolant loop. This gives similar advantages as with the SFR in terms of operational safety. Several of these reactor designs were built and operated on Russian submarines.
Multiscale Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of the ATHENA Core Simulator
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
P. Cioli Puviani, I. Di Piazza, R. Marinari, R. Zanino, M. Tarantino
The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) promises enhanced safety and sustainability performances, adding the potential for being economically competitive and flexible in terms of plant size and potential applications.[1]