China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Analysis and Optimization of a PV-Integrated Rural Distribution Network
Published in Baseem Khan, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Hassan Haes Alhelou, Om Prakash Mahela, S. Rajkumar, Artificial Intelligence-Based Energy Management Systems for Smart Microgrids, 2022
P. K. Bhatt, Om Prakash Mahela, Baseem Khan
A typical layout of a rural PV distribution network that supplies power in a residential area is shown in Figure 7.1. The network is modeled in electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) software. Two transformers each of a capacity 33/11 kV, 7.5 MVA are installed to supply the entire locality, while five other transformers 11/0.433 kV are installed to meet the load demand of individual sections. Typical 11/0.433 kV transformer have different power ratings. The parameters of these transformers are presented in Table 7.1. These transformers are supplying seven load clusters. The capacity of a connected load at each bus is given in Table 7.2. The PV specification is given in Table 7.3 [33].
Assessment of the optimum location and hosting capacity of distributed solar PV in the southern interconnected grid (SIG) of Cameroon
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2023
Chu Donatus Iweh, Samuel Gyamfi, Emmanuel Tanyi, Eric Effah-Donyina
The study used historical data of the SIG comprising of generator ratings, transformer ratings, line length and current capacities, and capacitor bank ratings. The modelling and simulation of the power system were done in the Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). ETAP is one of the complete power simulation tools with robust capabilities in grid design, generation analysis, power transmission and distribution. ETAP has witnessed applications in power system studies in some developing countries (Moh, Sujito, and Made 2020; Airoboman et al. 2019; Sajid, Iftikhar, and Rehman 2019). The tool has been extensively used in RE integration (Muntathir and Chokri 2020; Shrestha et al. 2017; Sibildas 2018; Khan et al. 2019; Mujtaba et al. 2020), load flow analysis (Abubakar et al. 2019; Barsoum and Lee 2013; Bamdad 2014; Sukumaran et al. 2018), power system contingency studies (Moh, Sujito, and Made 2020; Airoboman et al. 2019; Sucita and Mulyadi 2017), transient stability analysis (Refaat, Abu-Rub, and Mohamed 2017) and micro-grid design (Bista 2019; AL-REFAI 2016; Mosbah 2018). Load flow analysis using Newton–Raphson’s algorithm was applied on the network, first, without the RE injection (pre-integration) in order to assess the system’s ability to satisfactorily feed the load and avert overloading of equipment. The power flow helped in analysing the system states at no contingencies (i.e. normal operation mode). This was followed by solar PV injection scenarios while monitoring the active power loss, transient stability and voltage limits of busbars. Candidate busbars for the solar PV injection were buses that had either heavy loads or connected to overloaded transmission lines. The solar PV was injected at intervals of 10% and continued up to 100%. Figure 2 shows the schematic of the methodology.