China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hybrid Energy Systems for O&G Industries
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Energy Systems, 2021
Further, energy storage may not always be the environmentally preferred option for providing reserves if not managed properly, even if it is assumed to have no operational emissions [154]. For example, if energy storage enables system operators to use lower cost generation with higher emissions that would otherwise not be possible due to reserve requirements [155]. Analyzation of adding energy storage to a power system concluded emission impacts were highly case-dependent [156]. In systems with high renewable penetration levels and significant curtailment, energy storage did provide emission reductions. However, in other systems, emission impacts were reported to be positive, neutral, or negative. It should be noted that the most appropriate comparison for the discussion here is the high renewable integration scenario and the use of otherwise curtailed power. In such a case, energy storage is likely to provide emission reduction benefits by making available renewable electricity to meet demand otherwise satisfied by dispatchable generation.
Smart Grid Technologies
Published in Stuart Borlase, Smart Grids, 2017
There exists a daily load cycle for the U.S. electric grid. In general, the grid is relatively unloaded during the night and reaches peak loading during the afternoon hours in most U.S. climates. Balancing authorities dispatch power plants to match the power generation to the time-varying load. Types of generation resource are dispatched differently to meet different portions of the load. Nuclear and large thermal plants are typically dedicated to relatively invariant “base-load” power. Dispatchable generation with fast response rates (e.g., CTs), hydropower, and energy storage can be dispatched to meet predicted and actual load fluctuations. By combining generation types, the control authority meets the time-varying load with a time-varying power generation, while meeting constraints imposed by environmental requirements, emission caps, transmission limitations, power markets, generator maintenance, unplanned outages, and more.
Carbon Mitigation in the Power Sector
Published in Subhas K Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2020
One of the more remarkable successes can be found where carbon emissions have been reduced through high level coordinated planning coupled with grass-roots commitments to addressing the issue. Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) is an example. Intensive planning and pressure at the national level, as well as public support, resulted in the development of significant volumes of wind and solar to supply the nation (in 2017, generation from wind and solar was approximately 30% of all energy produced). A similar story could be told for Denmark, which some of the world’s premiere wind turbine suppliers call home. But the technologies deployed are not necessarily new. Both wind and solar power had been well established, they just had not penetrated any markets dominated by conventional fossil power systems. What changed was a top-down committed policy to improve and expand on these technologies. Funding through government support, and direct subsidies, along with improvements in scale (e.g., wind turbine sizes moved from the kW range to the MW range in two decades) resulted in massive deployments throughout Germany. While Germany’s CO2 emissions have been substantially reduced, the massive effort expended has yet to result in any measurable reductions in the atmospheric CO2 concentration. It does suggest that direct command-and-control may be required in order to solve the problem of the scale being faced. Wind and solar energy production continues to be dogged by the problem of intermittency. The need for reliable, dispatchable generation implies continued use of fossil fuels to supply those power systems already in operation, and expected to come online in the near future.
Identifying optimal geographic locations for hybrid concentrated solar biomass (HCSB) power plants in Alberta and Ontario, Canada
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2023
Mehran Bozorgi, Animesh Dutta, Shohel Mahmud, Syeda Humaira Tasnim
Renewable energy sources can be classified into dispatchable and non-dispatchable (variable) sources. The term “dispatchable generation” refers to electricity generation resources that can be made available on-demand by power grid operators in response to market demand. In response to an instruction, dispatchable generators can change their power output. The operators of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources, such as wind power and solar PV electricity, have no control over these sources. Typically, when it comes to the energy transition, there are two primary impediments to grid-integrated renewable energy-producing technologies (Middelhoff et al. 2022); Cost of ensuring continuity of power; non-dispatchable energy resources such as wind and PV power plants have low LOCE compared to dispatchable resources such as CSP and biomass power plants (Lovegrove et al. 2018).Installing new renewable energy generators in the transmission systems; It would be difficult to justify the investment in new transmission infrastructure because renewable projects are typically installed at small to medium scales (e.g., 5–150 MWe) (Middelhoff et al. 2022). As a result, the number of locations where renewable energy facilities may be incorporated into the grid is restricted.