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Requirements for Electrical Installations – IET Wiring Regulations, 17th edition
Published in John M. Madden, Electrical Safety and the Law, 2017
Regulation 722.55.201.1 covers the types of socket-outlets that may be used in charging points, including specialist vehicle connectors described in BS EN 62196–2:2012+A12:2014 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets. Conductive charging of electric vehicles. Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and contact-tube accessories.
A Comprehensive Review of Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles
Published in Smart Science, 2018
Wajahat Khan, Aqueel Ahmad, Furkan Ahmad, Mohammad Saad Alam
In conductive charging, a direct contact is made to the vehicle in order to transfer power. This method of charging is modest as well as efficient. Conductive charging can be classified into two broad categories as on-board charging and off-board charging. On-board method is primarily used for slow charging, wherein the charging activity is confined within the vehicle, while an off-board method is used to provide quick charging facility. In off-board charging, the charger is shifted outside the vehicle. EVs like Tesla Roadster, Nissan Leaf, and Chevy Volt use conductive method of charging [22]. Figure 1 represents the conductive on-board and off-board charging systems. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have categorized EV charging levels as AC Level-1, AC Level-2, and DC fast charging or Level-3 charging, along with the subsequent functionality requirements and safety systems [23].
A Review of the Electric Vehicle Charging Techniques, Standards, Progression and Evolution of EV Technologies in Germany
Published in Smart Science, 2018
Aqueel Ahmad, Zeeshan Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Saad Alam, Siddique Khateeb
Conductive Charging allow direct connection of charger and vehicle, physical contact is there between power supply and battery. It consists of rectifier and converter with some power factor correction and classified as on-board and off-board charger. On-board charger contains rectifier and battery regulation inside the vehicle, whereas off-board charger has outside. It is classified on the basis of various current voltage combinations as follows as shown in Figure 2. The physical connection between charger and vehicle limits contact at higher potential difference. Fast charger may get damaged or sparked to produce risk at high power level of charging. Daily habit of charging using slow charger gets problematic while disremembering the charging at night.