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Modular Nuclear Reactors
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion, 2019
Aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHRs) have the fuel mixed with the moderator as a liquid. Typically, low-enriched uranium nitrate is in aqueous solution. About 30 AHRs have been built as research reactors and have the advantage of being self-regulating and having the fission products continuously removed from the circulating fuel. A 1 MWt AHR operated in the Netherlands during 1974–1977 using Th-HEU MOX fuel.
A Review of Molten Salt Reactor Kinetics Models
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2018
Daniel Wooten, Jeffrey J. Powers
A circulating fuel reactor (CFR) is any reactor in which fuel is “circulated through the reactor and then the heat exchanger.”1 Typically, a CFR is one of three subtypes: a fluid-fueled molten salt reactor (MSR) in which a fuel salt, typically a fluoride or chloride, is dissolved in a molten coolant salt; an aqueous homogeneous reactor (AHR) in which a fuel salt, typically a nitrate or sulfate, is dissolved in water; or a liquid metal fueled reactor (LMFR) in which a liquid metal containing the fuel isotopes is used in the core of the reactor. For the most part, this work will focus on MSRs rather than AHRs or LMFRs. However, when possible, the term “CFR” will be used when statements are more broadly applicable to any reactor with circulating fuel.
Transformational Challenge Reactor Safety Design and Radionuclide Retention Strategy
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2022
Alexander J. Huning, William M. Kirkland, Kurt A. Terrani
The TCR is following a NUREG-1537–based methodology10 for the construction of the documented safety analysis and preliminary documented safety analysis. This safety analysis approach was chosen primarily based on its successful application to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for an operating license by nonpower (i.e., non-electricity-producing) research and test reactors as well as its ability to be flexible toward non–light water reactor designs such as the Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor being designed and constructed by SHINE Medical Technologies.11