China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Diesel fuel injection systems
Published in M.J. Nunney, Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 2007
The nozzle opening pressure is usually specified in the engine manufacturer’s operating instructions, to which reference must always be made. It should be noted that the nozzle opening pressure is not the same thing as nozzle injection pressure, which is of a considerably higher order and related to the rate of fuel injection required. The nozzle opening and closing pressures are chosen such as to ensure that the needle valve can seal the injector against the high pressure in the combustion chamber after injection has ceased. Otherwise, the combustion gases would enter and foul the injector. Typical nozzle opening pressures are as follows: Multihole injector nozzles used in small diesel engines of the direct-injection type: 17.5 to 21MN/m2 (2500 to 3000 lbf/in2).Multihole injector nozzles used in large diesel engines of the direct-injection type: 21 to 24.5MN/m2 (3000 to 3500 lbf/in2).Pintle injector nozzles used in small diesel engines of the indirect-injection type: 10.5 to 14MN/m2 (1500 to 2000 lbf/in2).
The Steering Responses of Doubles
Published in H.-P. Willumeit, The Dynamics of Vehicles on roads and on tracks, 2018
In the frequency and lane change response calculations, the lateral accelerations of the mass centres of the tractor, semitrailer, dolly, and pup trailer, and of the pintle pin have been calculated. This is because the lateral accelerations of the mass centres relate closely to the likelihood of rollover or other loss of driver control, while the acceleration of the pintle pin relates to the disturbance which is applied to the trailer and, other things being equal, is best minimised. The articulation angle of the dolly relative to the semitrailer has also been determined, since this relates to the degree of change to the hitch geometry which occurs during a manoeuvra
Dry Dock Operations
Published in D.J. House, Dry Docking and Shipboard Maintenance, 2015
Rudders – With so many rudder types available to the ship owner today, it would be totally inappropriate to discuss one kind of rudder with possibly a rudder post and bearing pintle. The fact that the majority of rudders have variations of rudder bearings, rudder securing together with similar transmission methods from the steering consul, tends to make the maintenance task different each time a vessel docks.
A detailed modelling on spray atomisation and combustion of LOX/GCH4 in variable area pintle injector rocket engines
Published in Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2021
Kanmaniraja Radhakrishnan, Keonwoong Lee, Jaye Koo
In recent studies, a cold flow spray experiment on a pintle injector was carried out to derive the relationship between spray angle and TMR. In addition, the spray of liquid–liquid injection configuration was simulated using the VOF model and simulation results were validated using experimental data and theoretical calculations [8]. Cheng et al. conducted a cold flow spray experiment on a multi-hole pintle injector and demonstrated a theoretical and experimental comparison using the spray angle variations with varying local momentum ratios [9]. Son et al. conducted the experimental studies on the pintle injector in order to establish a correlation between spray angle with TMR and the SMD with the Weber number [10]. The recirculation zone near the exit of the pintle injector was shown using a 2D-axisymmetric pintle injector using the Eulerian approach in which the water and air were used as stimulants [11]. These investigations have shown that the multiphase simulation can be used to model the liquid sheet formation.
High pressure direct fuel injection as a solution for performance enhancement in two-stroke spark-ignition engine
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Gopal Kumar Deshmukh, Ameenur Rehman, Rajesh Gupta
From the above literature review, it is evident that attempts have been made to resolve the two most crucial issues of fuel loss through short-circuiting and gas residue left behind due to incomplete scavenging. These attempts include low and high pressure direct injection techniques. However, both LPDI, as well as HPDI, still need the resolution of issues, viz, mixture formation timing and location of the injector and its timing. Apart from LPDI technology. In the present research paper, an attempt has been made to highlight the operational feasibility of two-stroke SI engines in terms of reduced emission, better engine performance and fuel efficiency, while maintaining the uniqueness of two-stroke engine. To achieve these research objectives, the existing Bajaj-make two-stroke SI engine has been modified by installing a single hole pintle type injector on the cylinder head inclined at an angle of 30° from the cylinder axis. The use of pintle injector for high pressure fuel injection is the key point of this novelty. Pintle injector is a lightweight, single injector element, unlike the multi-injector elements. It is capable of providing wider throttle opening leading to high combustion efficiency. In addition, it can clean itself on its own and avoiding carbon deposits at the end point and as well as dribbling.