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A Smart Microfactory Design: An Integrated Approach
Published in Wasim Ahmed Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Khalid Rahman, Ghulam Hussain, Cedric Aimal Edwin, Functional Reverse Engineering of Machine Tools, 2019
Syed Osama bin Islam, Liaquat Ali Khan, Azfar Khalid, Waqas Akbar Lughmani
Flexures are bearings that allow motion by bending load elements such as beams. In linkages, the major error in motion can be produced by pin joints. These joints can be traded off with flexures when there is a requirement of only small motions. When these flexural linkages are used as joints in mechanisms, they are referred to as compliant mechanisms. These can either be hourglass-shaped hinges or long thin blades that can flex throughout their length. The latter can have more deflection but have a constraint that it is having more compliance in out-of-plane directions. Advantages using flexures are as follows [33]: Good ControlMotion devices having small range can be developed which are highly accurateIdeal to be implemented in precision machinesFlexures are not affected by dirt.
1 Properties of Electronic Packaging Materials
Published in Mitel G. Pecht, Rakesh Agarwal, Patrick McCluskey, Terrance Dishongh, Sirus Javadpour, Rahul Mahajan, Electronic Packaging: Materials and Their Properties, 2017
Mitel G. Pecht, Rakesh Agarwal, Patrick McCluskey, Terrance Dishongh, Sirus Javadpour, Rahul Mahajan
where P is the applied load in MPa, l is the beam length between simple supports in mm, b is the beam width in mm, h is the beam thickness in mm, and d is the beam deflection at the mid point of its length in mm. A high value of flexural modulus indicates a stiff material in flexure or bending, which implies reduced out-of-plane deflection of plates or laminates made from such material under vibrational or transverse loads. With an increase in temperature, the flexural moduli of materials typically decrease.
Simple Structural Members
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Plates and Shells, 2017
We now briefly discuss stresses associated with the bending moments and shear forces that act laterally to the longitudinal axis of the beams. Considerations are limited to only beams having initially straight longitudinal axis. Note that it may often be necessary to distinguish between pure bending and nonuniform bending of beams. Pure bending refers to flexure of a beam under a constant bending moment. In contrast, nonuniform bending refers to flexure in the presence of shear forces.
Mechanical properties of partially stabilized zirconia for dental applications
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2019
Hidekazu Tanaka, Toshihiko Maeda, Hisayoshi Narikiyo, Taro Morimoto
To measure bending strength, a biaxial flexure test and a three-point bending test were conducted according to ISO 6872:2015 [11]. In the biaxial flexure test, ten mirror-polished zirconia sintered bodies (diameter: 14.0 mm; thickness: 1.3 mm) were prepared and tested with a universal testing machine (Autograph AG-X; Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). In the test, three hardened heat-treated steel balls with diameters of 4.0 mm were arranged at 120° intervals on a support circle with a diameter of 11.0 mm. The end face of a cylinder with a diameter of 1.4 mm was loaded at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min in the center of the upper surface of test pieces placed concentrically on the steel balls. The biaxial flexure strength was calculated using Equation (1). Poisson’s ratio ν was set to 0.31 for each zirconia sample.
Experimental investigation of morphological and mechanical properties of SiC-neem-coir fiber reinforced hybrid composite
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2022
R Pandiyarajan, Starvin M, Belsam Jeba Ananth M, Marimuthu S, Sabarish S, S Ponsuriyaprakash
The specimens for the flexural test were prepared by following the ASTM D790 standard. The test to measure the flexural strength of the material specimen was the commonly used three-point flexure test (Khan et al. 2021). The present work used a universal testing machine for this purpose and to measure the crosshead position of the specimen deflection in the meantime. During testing, the force was applied on the specimen until its fracture. The test results included the flexural strength and displacement of the composite materials. The tests were performed under standard environment conditions of room temperature of 25°C and humidity of 50%.