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Indoor/In-Plant Air Quality
Published in Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Air Pollution Control and Design for Industry, 2018
Physical factors include temperature, humidity, air movement, dust, odors, light, and noise. They affect comfort, but may not adversely affect health. An effective temperature is an index of human body response to the combined effects of temperature, humidity, and air movement. ASHRAE 55-1981: “Standard on Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy,” has set up a range of acceptable temperatures and relative humidity for summer and winter. The specifications are 73 to 79 degrees Fahrenheit and 40 to 60% relative humidity in summer, and 69 to 76 degrees and 30 to 50% in winter. Most people spend 90 percent of their time indoors, and many ventilation and heating systems do not have the capacity for pollution removal, so pollutants recirculate and often increase.
Hot and Cold Environments: Temperature Extremes
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) was developed in 1957 to protect soldiers training in hot conditions. This index has become widely accepted and provides the basis for guidelines proposed by ACGIH, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the International Standards Organization (ISO). The measurement involves a dry bulb reading, a natural wet bulb reading, and a globe temperature, reading and allows for a level of protection similar to that obtained by measuring corrected effective temperature. The wet bulb temperature is obtained by placing a wet wick around the bulb of a bare thermometer. The globe temperature is the Vernon Globe Thermometer described above. WBGT can be obtained using standard thermometers and laboratory stands. This setup is inexpensive, although cumbersome due to the size of the equipment.
The effect of environmental variables and metabolic rate on physiological parameters in a hot and humid mine
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2022
GuangLei Liu, HeQing Liu, Fen Chen, ShiXian Wu, GuoShan Wu
Thermal comfort has been studied for decades in terms of environmental factors and physiology (Katavoutas, Assimakopoulos, and Asimakopoulos 2016; Deng et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2020a; Sun, Wu, and Wu 2020) and several sophisticated theories and objective indicators have been developed, such as the operative temperature, effective temperature and standardized effective temperature (de Dear et al. 2013; Luo et al. 2016). Many studies have been conducted in an effort to develop a thermal sensation model that is primarily based on skin temperature and combined with body core temperature (Taniguchi et al. 1992; Wang and Peterson 1992; Fiala 1998; Zhang 2003; Yao et al. 2007; Zhang et al. 2020a; Zheng et al. 2020b). Heart rate is significantly correlated with the human metabolic rate. Thus, it may be very natural to have various heart rate level, depending on activity levels (Strath et al. 2000).
New theoretical framework for temperature-effect integration into asphalt concrete pavement life prediction with respect to Australian pavement conditions
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2022
Peerapong Jitsangiam, Sarayoot Kumlai, Hamid Nikraz
Effective temperature is a single optimum temperature that results in equivalent bottom-up fatigue damage occurring from measured damage throughout the year (Cominsky et al., 1994; El-Badawy et al., 2009; El-Basyouny & Jeong, 2009). It can be calculated by applying climatic-related conditions as per Equations (6) and (7), as follows: where Teff is the effective temperature (°F); T'f is the climatic factor (°F); MAAT is the mean annual air temperature (°F); σMAAT is the standard deviation of mean monthly air temperatures in a given year (°F); wind is the mean annual wind speed (mph); sun is the mean annual sunshine (%); rain is the mean cumulative rainfall depth (in)
Effectiveness of Training Program on “Design & Analysis of Machines Using MATLAB & Motionview”
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Joohi Chaturvedi, Mahima Rai, Renu Chaturvedi
Effective temperature represents the combined effect of relative humidity, dry bulb temperature and air velocity and can be found out using the comfort chart by taking into account the above 3. Modified control chart from [7] can be studied for finding the comfort zone.