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Energy Security
Published in Muhammad Asif, Handbook of Energy Transitions, 2023
Dark matter remains the least researched potential energy source. This topic is currently at the basic research stage. According to one of the hypotheses, the visible mass of the Universe accounts for about 5% of common matter, 70% is “vacuum energy,” and 25% is dark matter that is invisible, does not emit either light or other electromagnetic waves, and does not huddle when affected by gravity. Experiments to discover this matter are conducted at the LHC proton accelerator at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (Switzerland). The potential for using dark matter as an energy source for spacecraft on long missions is being discussed (Liu, 2009). If relevant hypotheses are confirmed, a unit of dark matter mass could emit 5 billion times more energy than a mass unit of dynamite does (Khel, 2016).
Petroleum Pre-Period
Published in Muhammad Abdul Quddus, Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
The fundamental units of the universe consist of ‘dark energy’ and ‘dark matter’. Dark energy and dark matter are inter-convertible under suitable conditions of natural forces. The dark energy is responsible for the expansion and development of the universe by pushing the space matter and galaxies away from each other. It is a repulsive force against the inward gravitational pull or contraction. Dark matter is highly condensed, of high density and with great inward gravitational pull. It emits no light and is not visible. Dark matter is detected only by its capacity for the gravitational pull of the other visible object in space.
Nucleosynthesis, Cosmic Radiation, and the Universe
Published in Ivan G. Draganić, Zorica D. Draganić, Jean-Pierre Adloff, Radiation and Radioactivity on Earth and Beyond, 2020
Ivan G. Draganić, Zorica D. Draganić, Jean-Pierre Adloff
Dark matter is not discernable with respect to any part of the electromagnetic spectrum (quite apart from the “visible” region), yet its gravitational effects on normal matter can be observed. The rotation of spiral galaxies such as the Milky Way can be explained only if 90 percent of the matter is invisible at any given wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum extending from γ -rays to radio waves. Similarly, the motions of clusters of galaxies imply gravitational effects that are much larger than those expected from the known mass. Various analyses and determinations suggest that the “visible” celestial bodies account for only 10 percent of the total material content of the universe.
Light, the universe and everything – 12 Herculean tasks for quantum cowboys and black diamond skiers
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2018
Girish Agarwal, Roland E. Allen, Iva Bezděková, Robert W. Boyd, Goong Chen, Ronald Hanson, Dean L. Hawthorne, Philip Hemmer, Moochan B. Kim, Olga Kocharovskaya, David M. Lee, Sebastian K. Lidström, Suzy Lidström, Harald Losert, Helmut Maier, John W. Neuberger, Miles J. Padgett, Mark Raizen, Surjeet Rajendran, Ernst Rasel, Wolfgang P. Schleich, Marlan O. Scully, Gavriil Shchedrin, Gennady Shvets, Alexei V. Sokolov, Anatoly Svidzinsky, Ronald L. Walsworth, Rainer Weiss, Frank Wilczek, Alan E. Willner, Eli Yablonovitch, Nikolay Zheludev
Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are a prominent class of dark matter candidates. These particles naturally arise in a number of theories of physics beyond the standard model and if they exist, it can be shown that production processes in the early universe will generate a cosmic abundance for the WIMP that is comparable to the observed dark matter density. There are a number of experiments presently underway to detect the rare scattering of the WIMP. In these experiments, the WIMP (a particle with mass ~ 10 - 100 GeV) scatters off a nucleus, depositing a small amount of energy (~ 10 keV). This energy is detected using a variety of sensitive techniques. The next generation of WIMP detection experiments will be sensitive to the coherent scattering of solar neutrinos [67], creating an irreducible background for WIMP detection since the scattering topology of WIMPs and neutrinos is identical.