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Semiautomatic and Automatic Transmission
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
Heavy vehicles have different load-carrying capacity, body style, transmissions, etc. compared to the car. Both semiautomatic and automatic transmission can be utilised in commercial vehicles. The different designs which can be utilised for automatic transmission systems are as follows: Three- to seven-speed conventional automatic transmission system with a torque convertor and rear-mounted planetary gearsFully automatic commercial vehicle countershaft transmission which consists of a torque convertor, rear-mounted planetary gears and a continuously variable transmission system
Quality in Design
Published in K. S. Krishnamoorthi, V. Ram Krishnamoorthi, Arunkumar Pennathur, A First Course in Quality Engineering, 2018
K. S. Krishnamoorthi, V. Ram Krishnamoorthi, Arunkumar Pennathur
This is the first stage of planning for a product when the major features for the product are determined. If the product is a car, features, such as horsepower, body style, transmission type, safety standards, fuel consumption, and so on, are determined at this stage. If the product is a lawnmower, such major features as engine horsepower, deck size, and whether it will be self-propelled or self-starting will be determined. Quality and reliability goals for the product are also established at this stage.
Measuring sequence stability in automotive production lines
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Mareike Müller, Marcel Lehmann, Heinrich Kuhn
A fully assigned automotive manufacturing site consists of four production steps: sheet metal shop, body shop, paint shop and final assembly line. These production steps are sequentially organised and physically connected by conveyor and buffer systems.Various types of car and body style are mainly assembled in a conjoined manner within one production site since the order of the production steps are generally identical for all cars. While the lead time of different models in the body and paint shop vary, they are all the same at the final assembly line (Boysen, Fliedner, and Scholl 2008). However, some cars need more assembly time because they require more parts installation. Work-intensive orders are followed by orders with less work-intensive features to balance the overall workload. This approach is embedded in the creation of the initial sequence. The resulting levelled workload allows the application of identical takt time for the entire mix of models produced on the same assembly line.
A semi-automated tool for identifying agricultural roadway crashes in crash narratives
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019
Amber Brooke Trueblood, Ashesh Pant, Jisung Kim, Hye-Chung Kum, Marcelina Perez, Subasish Das, Eva Monique Shipp
Next, Types D (passenger car, light truck, van, or an SUV with a trailer), L (single-unit truck with 2 axles), and Z (other) vehicles were reviewed because of a higher probability of agricultural vehicles being included based on vehicle body style. A sample of 750 crashes was taken for these additional vehicle types to explore the prevalence of agricultural crashes in these vehicle types. All of the narratives were combined into a text file per vehicle type for easy processing in Excel. Next, the same steps taken for Type T manual review were applied to a stratified random sample of approximately 250 crashes (100 narratives with inclusion keywords, indicative of agricultural crashes, and 150 without these keywords) for the 3 other vehicle types D, L, and Z. The manual review resulted in a gold standard data set of 1,198 crashes (Table 1).