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Designing and making stairs to current building regulations
Published in Les Goring, Manual of Purpose-Made Woodworking Joinery, 2014
Figure 6.5: A balustrade is a protective barrier at the side of a stair, landing or balcony, etc, usually comprised of newel posts, handrails and balusters (sometimes referred to as ‘spindles’) on wooden stairs, but which may also be panelling, a wall, parapet, screen or railing, etc.
An evaluation of the retrofit net zero building performances: life cycle energy, emissions and cost
Published in Building Research & Information, 2023
The selected case was the Wayne Aspinall Federal Building and US Courthouse (Aspinall FB-CT), a historic preservation with net-zero energy goals. The decision for this selection is based on three criteria: (i) availability of data, energy use data and cost data, (ii) availability of detailed building construction documents (for quantification of materials), (iii) the highest possible energy efficiency (net zero energy status). It was built in 1918 in Grand Junction, Colorado, and is a three-storey office building with a gross area of 3861 m2. Aspinall FB-CT was built as a rectangular steel and concrete structure with a limestone façade and parapet balustrade (refer to Figure 1). Its original function was as a post office and courthouse; a large extension was added to the east side of the original building in 1938 for office space. The original design and construction did not include an HVAC system, which was added in the 1960s along with an electrical system upgrade. Acoustic ceiling tiles were also added to improve the sound quality as well as conceal the HVAC duct work. The original lighting fixtures were replaced with ceiling-mounted fixtures and wall sconces (Cheng et al., 2014). Since then, there were no major repairs, renovation, or upgrades until 2011. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 (General Service Adminstration, 2014).
The Dinosaur Bridge – Innovation in Structural Form & Fabrication Using Model Making and Prototyping
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2021
David Knight, Stuart Chambers, Mike Tonkin
The handrail derives stiffness through its undulating geometry. Utilising vierendeel action in balustrade sections to transfer the shear force, the handrail system generates a lever arm at its base that allows it to resist the overturning force generated by people pushing or pulling the handrail.