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Thermodynamic Properties and Equations of State
Published in Robert E. Masterson, Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, 2019
where γ = A − (B/(C + T)) and A, B, and C are called the Antoine coefficients. In general, these coefficients are temperature dependent. Sublimations and vaporizations of the same material use separate Antoine coefficients, as do components in material mixtures. The Antoine equation is accurate to within a few percent for almost any substance when the correct coefficients are used. Antoine coefficients for many common materials can be found in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry (12th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979), and they are also available on the Internet from NIST’s Chemistry WebBook. We will have more to say about the use of these coefficients in Chapter 13.
Treatment of Simulated Radioactive Wastewater Using Reverse Osmosis and Membrane Distillation
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2022
Caishan Jiao, Hao Wang, Yaorui Li, Meng Zhang, Yang Gao, Mingjian He
The MD process took the RO concentrate as feed liquid. The effects of the feed temperature and feed flow rate on the permeate flux of the MD process were investigated (Fig. 5). It can be seen that the permeate flux increased approximately exponentially with increasing feed temperature (Fig. 5a). When the feed temperature varied from 50°C to 90°C, the permeate flux increased from 3.51 to 15.48 L/m2·h. The MD process is driven by the vapor pressure difference between the two sides of the membrane. According to the Antoine equation, the vapor pressure at the vapor-liquid interface exponentially increases with the increasing temperature. The vapor pressure on the hot side of the MD membrane module will increase exponentially when the feed temperature increases.20 Thus, the driving force of the MD process is enhanced, resulting in the increase of the permeate flux. In addition, the increase in feed temperature can reduce the viscosity of the feed liquid and weaken the concentration polarization, which leads to the increase of the permeate flux.21,22
Modeling and Simulation of Single Ethanol/Water Droplet Evaporation in Dry and Humid Air
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2020
P. Narasu, S. Boschmann, P. Pöschko, F. Zhao, E. Gutheil
Variable liquid and gas properties have been used in the model which are given by Poling, Prausnitz, and O’Connell (2001). The thermal conductivity of the liquid mixture is evaluated using the Jamieson correlation whereas the thermal conductivity of the gas mixture is calculated with the use of Wassiljewa equation. Wilke’s rule is employed to evaluate the viscosity of the gas mixture in the film. Diffusivity of water vapor in air and that of ethanol vapor in air is evaluated using the Chapman and Enskog equation and the Fuller equation, respectively. The vapor pressure of both water and ethanol is calculated using the Antoine equation (Poling, Prausnitz, O’Connell 2001). The temperature dependence of the latent heat of evaporation is described using the extended Watson equation (Kleiber and Joh 2018).
Performance investigation of nanostructured composite surfaces for use in adsorption cooling systems with a mass recovery cycle
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2018
L.Q. Zhu, C.Y. Tso, K.C. Chan, C.L. Wu, J. Chen, W. He, S.W. Luo, Christopher Y.H. Chao
In this study, silica gel is used as the adsorbent in the adsorber, while zeolite 13X is used as the adsorbent material of the composite surface in the condenser. Based on the study done by Sakoda and Suzuki, the equilibrium water uptake of silica gel can be expressed by (Sakoda and Suzuki 1984) where ωeq is the equilibrium amount of water uptake in the adsorbent; Pv is the water vapor pressure in the adsorber; Tadb is the adsorbent temperature; and Ps(Tadb) is the corresponding saturated vapor pressure under the adsorbent temperature, Tadb. The saturated vapor pressure can be calculated by the Antoine equation (Dean and Lange 1999):