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Tractor Three-Point Linkage System: Computer-Aided Design and Simulation Analysis
Published in Megh R Goyal, Sustainable Biological Systems for Agriculture, 2018
Thaneswer Patel, P. K. Pranav, Nikhil Kumar, Shyamtanu Chaudhuri
Tractor is the main power source for almost all agricultural operations. The farm tractor is specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery.1 A farm tractor is also being used for various alternate operations, for example, plowing, tilling, disking, harrowing, planting, transportation and so forth. Due to the rapid increase in energy cost, power optimization has become a common objective for many engineering devices. Among the various agricultural operations, tillage is one of the highest energy demanding activities in an agricultural production system, and hence, the evaluation of tillage effort is a field of great interest.2 The three-point linkage system is most widely used for tillage implements in the world for many years. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their suitability for three-point linkage (Fig. 20.1) implements for the best utilization of available usable power of tractor.
Web-Based Smart Agriculture System
Published in Gautam Kumar, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Nguyen Ha Huy Cuong, Cyber Defense Mechanisms, 2020
Rachna Jain, Meenu Gupta, Shivam Singh
Agricultural machinery is used to do farming or any other agricultural work. Some of the ancient machineries used for farming are discussed as follows [17]: Plowing and planting: This was an ancient tool used by farmers called plow. Previously, farmers dug a big hole on the earth with spade (or shovel) and pull by hand. This process was uneven, and took more time and efforts to do farming. Later on, they attached plow to an animal (i.e., cow, donkey, etc.) for planting. A triangular shape blade cut the ground and created furrow in such a way farmer can plant seeds.Harvesting: In ancient times, farmers used metal blades of crescent shape (called sickle) connected to the wooden stick (called “scythe”). Using this, farmers picked handful of stalks in one hand and used the scythe to cut the base of the stalk with other. Farmer needed to be very strong to use these kinds of tools.Winnowing: In this process, farmer takes the bundles of stalks into the barn and spreads it on the floor. Then, farmer hit the stalk to break it into pieces. Stalk, seeds, and chaff (the outer shells of seeds) would scatter around the floor. The stalk and chaff would blow away, leaving the seed.Tending animals: Farming is not sufficient for plants even farmer gives attention to animals also. Types of animal used play an important role in farmer elevation even though farmer needed a variety of tools. For example, to hook a oxen/horse, farmers need a yoke that appropriate to animal’s neck.
Field road segmentation network based on PraNet
Published in Journal of Spatial Science, 2022
Guoqi Liu, Manqi Zhao, Lu Bai, Hecang Zang, Baofang Chang
In recent years, research on road extraction has been very valuable. It provides powerful help for understanding the terrain and surveying the geographical situations, such as disaster management (Youssef et al. 2016), unmanned navigation (Abdollahi et al. 2019), urban road information update (Weng 2012) and so on. For farmland road, road extraction is the basis for the automatic movement of agricultural machinery on farm field roads. Satellite remote sensing images have high acquisition altitude and rich information, but low resolution and unreal colour, which are more suitable for global detection. Images taken by UAV are much closer to the ground, so the images are stable. It avoids the blindness and inefficiency of traditional surveys, which can save time and financial resources. In this paper, we only discuss the agricultural roads, so UAV is selected according to the research situation.
Biomechanical factors during common agricultural activities: Results of on-farm exposure assessments using direct measurement methods
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2020
Nathan B. Fethke, Mark C. Schall, Howard Chen, Cassidy A. Branch, Linda A. Merlino
The numbers of on-farm measurements obtained by agricultural activity and also by farm type are provided in Table 3. In total, 224 task-based measurements of muscle activity and 232 task-based measurements of posture/movement were obtained. Random instrumentation failures (e.g., loss of contact between the electrode and skin) led to the lower number of EMG measurements. Approximately half of all on-farm measurements involved the operation of agricultural machinery. Machine operation occurred in all or nearly all measurements of field work with a self-powered machine and powered material handling, and in about 80% of measurements of handle/store harvested crops, but was much lower (or 0%) for other activities.
Estimation of agricultural energy efficiency in five provinces: based on data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index model
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
The energy efficiency of agriculture was assessed using data from 2004 to 2015 in Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Gansu, and Shanxi provinces. Gross agricultural output is an output variable that measures the efficiency of the agricultural sector, which is consistent with existing research. The input indexes include effective irrigated area, labor, total power of agricultural machinery, capital stock and energy consumption. All energy data are collected from “China Energy Yearbook”. The other data for this paper are drawn from “China Statistic Yearbook”, “China Statistic Yearbook for Population and Employment”, and National Statistics Bureau.