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Materials for Nanosensors
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
A quantum wire is a nanostructure, having a diameter of the order of a nanometer (10−9 m). Alternatively, quantum wires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length. At these scales, quantum mechanical effects prevail, which is the reason for coining the term “quantum wires.” Many different types of quantum wires exist, including metallic (e.g., Ni, Pt, Au), semiconducting (e.g., Si, InP, GaN, etc.), and insulating quantum wires (e.g., SiO2, TiO2). An example of an organic quantum wire is DNA.
Electrons in Quantum Wires and Landauer-Büttiker Formalism
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Introductory Nanoelectronics, 2020
A quantum wire is a wire having diameter/cross section in the nanoscale with a magnitude of the order of the de Broglie wavelength of the electron. In such a wire, the carrier transport properties are controlled by quantum mechanics. Hence it is called a quantum wire. It is a one-dimensional (1D) conductor.
Plasma Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2019
Antaryami Mohanta, Raj K. Thareja
In aforementioned two-dimensional structures, carriers and photons are confined in one direction, i.e., along x-axis. Figure 2.3 shows a typical one-dimensional structure of a quantum wire in which carriers are confined along two directions, i.e., x- and y-axes within a distance of lx and ly. However, carriers are free to move along z-axis over a large distance of lz (>>lx, ly) in the plane of confining layer similar to that in the bulk semiconductor. More specifically, a quantum wire can be defined to be a thin wire-like structure of a semiconductor material of diameter comparable to or smaller than the de Broglie wavelength surrounded by a wider band gap semiconductor material. The thin wire can then be treated as infinitely deep two-dimensional potential well of widths lx and ly for carriers (electrons in the conduction band and holes in the valence band). Following Eqs. (2.20) and (2.22), the energy-momentum relation for electrons in the conduction band in a quantum wire can be expressed as E=Ecnxny+h2kz28π2me*;nx,ny=1,2,3…
Tunneling rules for electronic transport in 1-D systems
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
C.A.B. da Silva, K.R. Nisioka, M. Moura-Moreira, R.F. Macedo, J. Del Nero
Since 1974, electronic devices are based on molecular wire junctions used as molecular rectifier [1] up to architectures for computers [2]. Researchers study the electronic transport properties of these devices [3–8]. The growing demand for more sophisticated, faster and smaller electronic devices in the last decades increased the interest of researchers in 1-D systems, as Nanowires (NWs), also called Quantum Wires, formed by linear atomic chains that present unconfined electrons along the molecule length with discrete energy levels available for electrical conduction. NWs exhibit excellent properties when changing its composition and diameter [9,10] and show numerous possibilities of application as nanodevices, but require a complete understanding of the mechanical properties of the NWs [11–13].