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Introduction to cyber-physical systems in the built environment
Published in Anil Sawhney, Mike Riley, Javier Irizarry, Construction 4.0, 2020
Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi, Xinghua Gao, Dennis R. Shelden
This proposed CPS is a smart screw gun with the sensor that can count how many screws have been drilled into wallboards and can recognize who is using it (Gao et al., 2018). The project manager would like to know the statistic of how much material (of various types) is installed and by whom. The goal of this product is to know the productivity of an individual laborer. The users involve carpenters, foremen, project managers, and executives. Sub-devices involve a fingerprint gun trigger lock and the counting mechanism/sensor. Probably, the user’s smartphone can work as the data collection device. Besides the general construction project information, additional data are needed, including the time stamp, the location (floor, room), tool status (e.g. how many cycles before failure, proactive and preventative maintenance, output), problems, such as productivity drops (Figure 2.3).
Basics Model Assessment: Work Flow Analysis—Following the Operator (Staff)
Published in Charles Protzman, Fred Whiton, Joyce Kerpchar, Christopher R. Lewandowski, Steve Stenberg, Patrick Grounds, James Bond, The Lean Practitioner’s Field Book, 2018
Charles Protzman, Fred Whiton, Joyce Kerpchar, Christopher R. Lewandowski, Steve Stenberg, Patrick Grounds, James Bond
The test for unnecessary steps is they should be equal to 0 seconds in the after condition (i.e., we should be able to omit the step in the after condition). If it cannot be omitted it must be considered required work [RW]). For instance, if the operator has to change bits on a screw gun or change a fixture over because they only have the one screw gun or one arbor press, it is required work because in the current condition it is required.
BASICS Model: Assess/Analyze (A)
Published in Protzman Charles, Protzman Dan, Keen William, The BASICS Lean™ Implementation Model, 2019
Protzman Charles, Protzman Dan, Keen William
The test for non‒value-added steps is they should be equal to 0 seconds in the after condition (i.e., we should be able to omit the step in the after condition). If it cannot be omitted it must be considered required work. For instance, if the operator has to change bits on a screw gun or change a fixture over because they only have the one screw gun or one arbor press, it is required work because in the current condition it is required.
Kinematic and kinetic functional requirements for industrial exoskeletons for lifting tasks and overhead lifting
Published in Ergonomics, 2020
Kirsten Huysamen, Valerie Power, Leonard O’Sullivan
One would consider that the greater the assistance, the greater the reduction in risk. This was disproven in a study conducted by Sylla et al. (2014). The study investigated the effect of the ABLE upper-limb exoskeleton on the sum of the joint torques during overhead lifting. Participants were required to lift a 950 g screw gun overhead. Four assistive torques were examined: 10.14 Nm, 13.09 Nm, 16.03 Nm and 18.98 Nm. The greatest torque reduction was noted for the 13.09 Nm of assistive torque (38% reduction), whereas torque increased significantly with the larger assistive torque of 18.98 Nm.