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At the water’s edge
Published in Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell, Matilda Becker, Flood Risk Management, 2019
Analysis of what motivates people to occupy a flood-prone area invariably involves a discussion of risk perception. Risk perception is defined as the subjective judgments individuals make about the nature and severity of a particular risk. Risk perception researchers, including those who study it within the context of flood hazards, generally frame their analysis within one of two approaches (Birkholz et al., 2014). Borne out of the field of psychology, the rationalist approach focuses on the cognitive models on which individuals rely to make decisions about whether or not to accept a particular risk (Tierney, 1999). By contrast, the sociological or constructivist approach views risk as socially constructed and subject to, among other things, various power structures, organisational dynamics and economic interests (Tierney, 1999) See chapter 1. This chapter argues that, while necessary, framing the decision to reside on a floodplain simply in terms of perception is limiting.
Risk Communication in Theory and Practice
Published in Susanna Hornig PriestCRC, Nanotechnology and the Public, 2017
Risk communication practice is a professional subspecialty closely connected to fields such as risk analysis and risk management, risk communication research, and professional communication practice. Risk communication is concerned with identifying the most appropriate and effective ways of discussing risks with a broad variety of publics. Risk communication is also, in part, a research area often guided by—and, in turn, inspires—the study of how risks are perceived by various audiences; that is why this book is concerned with risk perception and risk communication taken together. Risk communication as a field of professional practice makes use of the knowledge gleaned from both risk communication research and risk perception research, alongside both general principles of good communication practice and an awareness of the ethical, political, and social dimensions of discussions of risk.
Aeronautical Decision-Making
Published in Monica Martinussen, David R. Hunter, Aviation Psychology and Human Factors, 2017
Monica Martinussen, David R. Hunter
Finally, there are many studies of risk perception and risk tolerance outside aviation. There is an extensive literature on the effects of risk perception on drivers (e.g., see Deery 1999; Hayakawa et al. 2000; Simsekoglu et al. 2013), which consistently find that poor risk perception and risk tolerance are associated with accidents. Interestingly, some jurisdictions (e.g., Victoria, Australia) use a hazard perception test as part of the driver licensing process. The importance of risk perception in maintaining safety in an industrial setting is also recognized. For example, Exxon-Mobil (Fennell 2012) has an extensive program to train employees to recognize hazards and to improve risk tolerance and perception, and risk perception has also been investigated as a factor in safety of off-shore petroleum operations (Rundmo 1997).
Spatial analysis of road traffic crashes and user based assessment of road safety: A case study of Rotterdam
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2023
Sachita Shahi, Mark Brussel, Anna Grigolon
Risk perception is a subjective assessment of the probability of incidence of a specific incident and the level of concern about risk consequences among the involved people (Sjöberg et al. 2004). Perception means the steps involved in using the senses to recognize, observe and discriminate between different objects, relations, and actions (APA Dictionary of Psychology n.d.). The response to these stimuli enables organisms to respond in a particular manner. Therefore, it is essential to recognize how road users perceive RTCs on the roads they use daily. Many factors influence the risk perception of individuals. Human behavior is one of the factors that affect the risk perception of an individual, as it is responsible for many RTCs (Bucsuházy et al. 2020). Risk perception also depends on the past experiences of road users (Ram and Chand 2016). Another factor is the mode of transport used by a road user. According to a study by Andersson (2011), car users are likely to perceive the risk of RTC to a lesser degree than users of other means of transportation. Therefore, it is essential to recognize how different road users perceive RTCs.
Comparative analysis of managers’ perception in overseas construction project risks and cost overrun in actual cases: a perspective of the Republic of Korea
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Kyung-Tae Lee, Sang-Jun Park, Ju-Hyung Kim
Risk perception is defined as a decision-maker’s assessment of the risk(s) inherent in a situation (Sitkin and Pablo 1992). This means that risk perception can affect decision making because it refers to the subjective evaluation of the probability of an event occurring (Zhang and Qian 2017). Risk perception is influenced by a variety of factors, such as psychological, social, and cultural backgrounds and incorporates various subjective views derived from an individual’s experience and personality (Wang et al. 2016; Lee, Kim, and Kim 2017). In particular, the risk perceptions of project managers can impact their overall decision making; accordingly, the final output is considered a reflection of a manager’s capability (Liu and Chiu 2016). Therefore, management models could be developed based on the risk perceptions of managers, enabling decision support for cost contingencies (Ayub, Thaheem, and Ud Din 2016). Identifying individuals’ risk perceptions and understanding risk factors by identifying stakeholders’ perceptions affect project management, attitudes, judgment, and final outcomes (Wang et al. 2016; Davis 2017). Perception comes from experience; however, it is subjective and prone to errors. Accordingly, the impact of a clear cost overrun should be determined objectively, and the corresponding risk factor should be identified and responded to.
Risk preference, risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviors: the moderating effects of gender, age, and driving experience
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2023
Linlin Jing, Wei Shan, Yingyu Zhang
Risk perception refers to a subjective estimation of the probability for an adverse event to occur and an assessment of the possible serious consequences of such event. Accordingly, this concept has been applied to assess the propensity of individuals to take precautions against risks (Nordfjaern et al., 2011). Risk perception plays a supporting role in influencing individual behavioral responses to risk (Ajzen, 1991; Edwards, 1954; Lindell & Perry, 2012; Rosenstock, 1974; Weinstein, 1988). People are more cautious when they perceive greater risks or are more affected by risks (Nordfjaern et al., 2011). Risk perception intertwines with health behavioral research and helps in the formulation of protective actions (Shreve, Begg, Fordham, & Müller, 2016). Meanwhile, traffic risk perception refers to the estimated possibility for traffic accidents and serious consequences to occur and affects the attitudes of drivers toward traffic rules, driving activities, and driving responsibilities, which are generally considered to be negatively related to risky driving behaviors (Deery, 1999; Ram & Chand, 2015). Traffic risk perception depends on information about potential hazards in the traffic environment and the ability of drivers to perceive potential hazards that lead to actual accidents (Brown & Groeger, 1988).