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Effect of Process Parameters on Cutting Forces and Osteonecrosis for Orthopedic Bone Drilling Applications
Published in Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, J. Paulo Davim, Characterization, Testing, Measurement, and Metrology, 2020
Atul Babbar, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Ankit Sharma
The front edge that majorly involves in cutting of a standard drill bit in any type of drilling includes in cutting face of the drill bit. It includes Rake angleClearance angle and flank.Rake angle: It is the angle between the cutting edge and the plane perpendicular to the workpiece. It has been observed that the rake angle critically influences the cutting forces [56,70–72]. Past studies recommended an optimum rake of 20°–30°. It has been observed that minimum forces either thrust or tangential have been reported during bone drilling. Furthermore, this recommended angle assists in the easy evacuations of the bone chips amid bone drilling process in various orthopedic operations.Flank and clearance angle: The flat part of the drill bit is known to be a flank part. Flank often leads to the generation of the heat during drilling owing to the friction between the large surface area of the flank and workpiece. However, the undesirable contact of the tool with the workpiece has been prevented by providing clearance angle on the drill bit. But, the clearance provided on the drill bit is often not sufficient to overcome the influence of the large flank surface area in rising the temperature and friction during drilling [73–75].
Cutting Tools
Published in David A. Stephenson, John S. Agapiou, Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, 2018
David A. Stephenson, John S. Agapiou
The standard angles used to describe the cutting geometry of rotary tools such as milling cutters are the radial (side) and axial (back) rake angles (Figure 4.35). The axial rake angle affects the chip flow direction and the thrust force, while the radial rake angle has a strong effect on the cutting power and tool life. The radial (αf) and axial (αp) rakes determine two additional angles, the inclination (λs) and orthogonal (top) rake (α0) angles (Figure 4.37). The orthogonal rake is the true top rake, which influences cutting forces and power requirements. The true rake angle is measured from, and perpendicular to, the lead angle. The inclination angle is similar to the helix angle and is measured from the cutting edge face to the reference plane on a line parallel to the lead angle cutting edge. This angle determines the chip flow direction and significantly affects cutting forces and tool life. These angles are related through equations: tanα0=tanαf⋅cosκr+tanλp⋅sinκrtanλs=tanαp⋅cosκr−tanλf⋅sinκr
Failure analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer multilayer composites during machining process
Published in Angelos P. Markopoulos, J. Paulo Davim, Advanced Machining Processes, 2017
Sofiane Zenia, Mohammed Nouari
This part is devoted to the effect of tool rake angle on the machining forces and chip formation process. Simulations were carried out by varying the cutting angle. Studied tool rake angle are −5°, 0°, 10°, and 20°. This was motivated according to the chip formation mechanisms observed during the cutting operation [5,6,8,26]. Indeed, for a positive rake angle, the preponderant mechanism is shearing, whereas with a negative rake angle, the dominant mechanism is buckling.
Performance evaluation of process parameters using MCDM methods for Titanium Alloy (Ti6al4v) in turning operation
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023
Sushil V Ingle, Dadarao N Raut
In a current research paper, Taguchi L25 orthogonal array of experiments was conducted first, and MCDM techniques and ANNOVA were utilised to forecast the influencing machining factors. From MCDM three methods (SAW, VIKOR & TOPSIS) prediction algorithms rank one for experiment no. 2. Experiment results show that experiment no. 02 gives optimum results in terms of Tool life and surface roughness. While the process parameter has values cutting speed = 80 rpm, Feed rate = 018 rev/mm, Depth of cut = 0.12 mm and Rake angle = 14 degrees. From the ANOVA outcome for surface finish, it is noticed that the process parameter rake angle is having Rank 01 for all levels. Thus, the rake angle is the major influencing parameter to achieve a better quality of surface roughness. While in the case of flank wear it is crystal clear that the process parameter DOC is having Rank 01 for all levels. Thus, DOC is the most influencing parameter to achieve lesser flank wear and better quality of tool life.
Effect of WS2 particles in cutting fluid on tribological behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V and on its machining performance
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2021
Sukanta Bhowmick, Behzad Eskandari, Girish Krishnamurthy, Ahmet T. Alpas
A hot-extruded Ti–6Al–4V rod was machined into a tubular shape with an outer diameter of 25.41 mm and a wall thickness of 2.50 mm prior to performing the orthogonal cutting tests. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 1(a). The microstructure of Ti–6Al–4V consisted of α (HCP structure) and β (BCC structure) phases at room temperature. The length of the β grains was 4.86 ± 2.86 μm and their width was 1.03 ± 0.46 μm. These grains were aligned along the extrusion direction of the Ti–6Al–4V rod. The microhardness of the alloy was measured as 380 ± 3.01 HV using a 50 g load. Uncoated tungsten carbide cutting tools with the ISO designation of VNMG 130402 and a tool holder (SVVBN 202013) with a clearance and an inclination angles of 0 degree were used during machining of Ti–6Al–4V. Considering the chip breaker slope on the tool edge, the actual rake angle was measure as 20 degrees.
A comprehensive review of endoscopic ultrasound core biopsy needles
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Theodore W. James, Todd H. Baron
A tissue biopsy is performed in three interrelated steps; first the needle and stylet (inner rod of needle) are mechanically advanced to the surface of the target tissue; the needle is advanced forward into the tissue, which cuts the tissue and retains the sample within the needle; and finally, the needle is withdrawn from the body with the biopsy tissue. An ideal core biopsy needle tip design would ensure adequate core biopsy tissue volume, minimize the amount of sample fragmentation, and perform consistently [34,35]. There are two key geometric angles that affect the performance of a biopsy needle in tissue acquisition and retention: rake angle and inclination angle (Figure 4). Rake angle is defined as the angle of the cutting edge in relation to the target. Generally, a more positive rake angle has the effect of making a tool sharper with a more precise point. The inclination angle can be thought of as the angle at which the tool is being advanced toward the target. Taken together, the rake and inclination angles form the effective angle.