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Soft-Error Resilient Circuit Design
Published in Tomasz Wojcicki, Krzysztof Iniewski, VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications, 2017
Chia-Hsiang Chen, Phil Knag, Zhengya Zhang
To enhance the reliability of BISER at a high clock frequency, bistable cross-coupled dual modular redundancy (BCDMR) has been invented to harden the C-element using a pair of cross-coupled C-elements, as shown in Figure 20.4c [24]. The cross-coupled C-elements offer a better protection against SET. For example, an SET in C1 will be sampled by L3, but C2 will keep its output stable, so L4 still retains the correct data. In this way, BCDMR improves the SET immunity. It has demonstrated 150 times better SER at a 160 MHz clock frequency than the BISER flip-flop in α-particle testing [24]. The C-elements in BCDMR can be downsized, as the differential drive easily overcomes the keeper. Therefore, the area and power dissipation of BCDMR are comparable to BISER, and the speed of BCDMR is slightly better than BISER.
Building Reconfigurable Systems Using Commercial FPGAs
Published in Juan José Rodríguez Andina, Eduardo de la Torre Arnanz, María Dolores Valdés Peña, FPGAs, 2017
Juan José Rodríguez Andina, Eduardo de la Torre Arnanz, María Dolores Valdés Peña
From the reconfigurable system viewpoint, module replication is a selective way to set different operation modes in a system. For instance, if, instead of assigning different tasks to different CUs, the same tasks are assigned to two or three CUs, advantage can be taken from module replication to build dual modular redundancy (DMR) or triple modular redundancy (TMR) configurations targeting increased fault tolerance. Little modifications would be required on the way data are delivered to the CUs, with the exception of the need for a comparator or a voter, which may be included at memory transaction level (when writing results from the CUs into memory).
Analyzing phased-mission industrial network systems with multiple ordered performance levels
Published in Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2019
Yu-Huan Gong, Yu-Chang Mo, Yu Liu, Yi Ding
The fault tolerant mechanism can also be configured into the cluster layer. For example, two clusters can work in a dual modular redundancy (DMR) configuration. In DMR configuration, the clusters are duplicated and work in a lockstep form.