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An Introduction to Managing Risk in LEPs
Published in Joseph Eli Kasser, Systemic and Systematic Risk Management, 2020
The CPAF contract has several advantages. They include: Flexibility in changing requirements: the CPAF contract can be adapted or changed to reflect new or unplanned events (requirement changes) during the life of a contract more easily than other types of contracts. The relative ease of making changes is due to the increased communication between the customer and the supplier, an integral and necessary part of administration of a CPAF contract.Tendency towards improved quality and lower cost: this tendency results from judicious selection of appropriate objective award fee determination criteria as discussed above. Since both the customer and the supplier tend to know what the budget can support, they can work together to provide the maximum capabilities the budget can afford or, as it is commonly called, ‘design to cost’.
Introduction
Published in Michael Pecht, Handbook of Electronic Package Design, 2018
Michael D. Osterman, Michael Pecht
Design to cost establishes cost as an active parameter in the design process. Cost targets are established for the product and the designer must attempt to establish a viable design which meets the target goals. The ability to establish realistic goals and to meet deadlines is critical for successful designs. In this endeavor, cost trade-offs invariably occur and designers must have a clear understanding of how these various trade-offs are translated to the life cycle cost of the product. For example, production costs are a direct result of the selection of parts, materials, and manufacturing processes dictated by the designer and manufacturer based on requirements, constraints, contractual agreements, and personal preferences.
Fundamentals of Manufacturing and Engineering
Published in Jong S. Lim, Quality Management in Engineering, 2019
The engineering department typically thinks that they require a tighter tolerance of parts for better performance. However, specifying a tight tolerance is not necessarily an efficient answer because such parts are expensive and it is difficult to control the supplier's quality management. To design to cost is to consider cost as a design parameter starting from a product development stage. A robust design structure can assure reliable function and performance of a product through the normal manufacturing process without particular control of the parts or processes. Let's look at actual examples of design to cost by smart design engineering.
Industry 4.0 strategies and technological developments. An exploratory research from Italian manufacturing companies
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2020
Andrea Chiarini, Valeria Belvedere, Alberto Grando
Typically, design-to-cost is based on Design For Manufacturing and For Assembly techniques, which aim to identify the right design characteristics at the earliest possible stages of the new product development process (Boothroyd 1994; Selvaraj, Radhakrishnan, and Adithan 2009; Boothroyd, Dewhurst, and Knight 2010; Eastman 2012; Molloy, Warman, and Tilley 2012). In this way, unnecessary costs, usually incurred at later stages, can be avoided. A further contribution in this direction is now given by 3D printers, which can be used to both speed up the prototyping process and the manufacturing of fully-customised items, the production of which can be easily carried out through additive manufacturing solutions that do not require any changeover or mould (Dalenogare et al. 2018; Weller, Kleer, and Piller 2015; Lipson and Kurman 2013).