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Multicore Architectures and Their Applications in Image Processing
Published in Sanjay Saxena, Sudip Paul, High-Performance Medical Image Processing, 2022
T. Venkata Sridhar, G. Chenchu Krishnaiah
In the case of CPUs of a multi-core, the hardware dynamically schedules the instructions for parallelism. But it is expensive and complexity and cost increase with the integration of more cores, even a few dozens. Anyhow it is relatively easy to write fast software. Similarly in the case of GPUs software makes the parallelism explicitly. It is a simple and cost-effective few hundreds of crores can be integrated. But it is hard to write fast software. Nowadays CPUs exploit ILP to speed up straight-line code with key ideas of: Pipelining and Superscalar: Work on multiple instructions at once.Out-of-Order Execution: Dynamically schedule instructions whenever they are “ready.”Speculation: Guess what the program will do next to discover more independent work, “rolling back” incorrect guesses.
Casting and Foundry Work
Published in Sherif D. El Wakil, Processes and Design for Manufacturing, 2019
Cores are the parts of the molds that form desired internal cavities, recesses, or projections in castings. A core is usually made of the best quality of sand to have the shape of the desired cavity and is placed into position in the mold cavity. Figure 3.2 shows the pattern, mold, and core used for producing a short pipe with two flanges. As you can see, projections, called core prints, are added to both sides of the pattern to create impressions that allow the core to be supported and held at both ends. When the molten metal is poured, it flows around the core to fill the rest of the mold cavity. Cores are subjected to extremely severe conditions, and they must, therefore, possess very high resistance to erosion, exceptionally high strength, good permeability, good refractoriness, and adequate collapsibility (i.e., the rapid loss of strength after the core comes in contact with the molten metal). Because a core is surrounded by molten metal from all sides (except the far ends) during casting, gases have only a small area through which to escape. Therefore, good permeability is sometimes assisted by providing special vent holes to allow gases to escape easily. Another required characteristic of a core is the ability to shrink in volume under pressure without cracking or failure. The importance of this characteristic is obvious when you consider a casting that shrinks onto the core during solidification. If the core is made hard enough to resist the shrinkage of the casting, the latter would crack as a result of being hindered from shrinking.
DC and AC Electricity
Published in Muhammad H. Rashid, Ahmad Hemami, Electricity and Electronics for Renewable Energy Technology, 2017
An inductor is a storage device that can store electric energy by turning it into magnetism. This storage act is not similar to storing energy in a battery. Rather, it is a short-duration storage for a very small amount of electricity. Practically, a winding as shown in Figure 4.4 can do this job and behaves as an inductor. That is, a coil made of a wire wound around a support can be regarded as an inductor. An inductor can have a core. The core can be of any form such as a cylinder or prism, and it can be made out of any material such as paper, wood, plastic, or metal. As we discuss later, for a metallic core to be useful (and not as a support) it must be a ferromagnetic (like iron and steel or certain special alloys) material.
The sand-casting process: a meta-heuristic approach for an environment-friendly and profitable scheduling
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Sand casting is one of the older techniques and one of the most commonly used casting process. Sand casting foundries in the world are nowadays almost 20,000, producing about 70 millions ton of parts every year (Assofond 2020). The overall process is depicted in Figure 1. Sand casting uses sand as the primary moulding material. The sand grains are mixed with a small amount of other materials (such as clay and water) to improve mould ability and cohesive strength and are then packed around a pattern that has the shape of the desired casting. The pattern is then removed before pouring. Castings are often required to have holes, recesses, etc. of various sizes and shapes, that are obtained through cores. Cores are made of sand compacted into the desired shape and must be included in the mould cavity before pouring so that the molten metal will flow and solidify between the mould cavity and the core to form the casting’s external and internal surfaces.
An efficient industry 4.0 architecture for energy conservation using an automatic machine monitor and control in the foundry
Published in Automatika, 2022
M. Dinesh, C. Arvind, K. Srihari
A core shooter is a machine that produces several cores using the required die. The core creates a hollow structure inside a casting like a camshaft, piston, rocker arm and brake lever. The CSM consists of a blow unit with a pressure monitor using a pressure gauge to control the temperature on the left heater box and the right heater box, which can be set and monitored using thermocouples. The required die box is mounted on the heater box [13]; the core shooter is switched ON after the required set temperature is achieved. The sand is filled with appropriate pressure in the die box through the blow air to cure the core at a specific temperature. The coated sand gets cured to obtain the required structure of the core in the die box [14]. The CSM plays a virtual role in the automobile manufacturing; the machine output should be of good quality to get a better casting. The internal block representation of the CSM is shown in Figure 1.
Experimental and numerical study of composite sandwich panels for lightweight structural design
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2022
Suryaprakash Thiagarajan, Raguraman Munusamy
The function of a core in a sandwich structure is to keep the components intact and to provide support for the thin face sheets so that the structure does not buckle or deform. To accomplish this, the core must serve two important functions: (i) it has to be stiff enough to keep the distance between the faces constant; (ii) it must be rigid in shear so that the faces do not slide over each other. Core in a sandwich structure complements the face sheets by addressing its major limitation of having a low flexural rigidity. In addition to this, the core must not only be light and resilient to buckling, but also be resistant to aging and must not trap moisture. The core can be made of a variety of materials, such as wood, aluminum, and foam. A honeycomb structure is characterized by its cell size, foil thickness and density. One of the sides of the composite face sheets was rubbed with sandpaper to enhance adhesive bonding with aluminium honeycomb. The composite face sheets, aluminum honeycomb and Anabond® EFA 960 film adhesive was then cut to a dimension of 165 mm × 165 mm. The cut film adhesive was placed between the composite face sheets and the honeycomb core followed by a 500 N uniform load application with a cure schedule of 175 ± 5 °C for one hour at a heating rate of 1.2 °C/min.