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Mechanical Properties of Materials in Microstructure Technology
Published in Bharat Bhushan, Handbook of Micro/Nano Tribology, 2020
Fredric Ericson, Jan-Åke Schweitz
Several types of adhesion tests have been devised, for example, the “Scotch tape” test, the scratch test, the linear peel test, and the inflated membrane test (Valli, 1986; Mittal, 1978). The latter test has been performed on micromachined structures (Senturia et al., 1987), but in general little work on adhesion testing has been done within micromechanics. This is probably because in most practical cases a simple scratch test is sufficient to determine if a coating is prone to flake off. If the coating flakes off, it is a good idea to try to modify the surface pretreatment and the deposition process until it does not. Some type of proof testing might be necessary. But usually it is not necessary, or even possible, to evaluate such a test in terms of a well-defined adhesive strength parameter. Normally, a simple ranking in terms of some externally applied load, for instance, a critical pressure in an inflated membrane test or a critical load in a scratch test, is quite sufficient.
Polyimides in High-Performance Electronics Packaging and Optoelectronic Applications
Published in Malay K. Ghosh, K. L. Mittal, Polyimides Fundamentals and Applications, 2018
The quality of a bond is usually measured by “practical adhesion” tests [118] such as the very popular peel test [119, 120], although the information obtained is ambiguous at best. The results of this practical adhesion test depend on many factors, such as the rate of peeling, the width of the peeled strip, the mechanical properties of the peeled material, the side being peeled, and others. Particularly problematic is the peeling off of polyimide films because a substantial amount of the “peel energy” goes into the deformation of the peeled polyimide and is not related to the actual adhesion strength [118, 121]. A more accurate but less often used test is the “cookie cutter” test [e.g., 122] in which a hole of given diameter is cut into a coating. From the diameter of the hole and the diameter of the delaminated area around the hole, the stress in the coating and the interfacial strength can be calculated. A similar test is the cut test [123] in which the coating is scribed and adhesion values are obtained from the area of spontaneous delamination. Other tests have been evaluated as well [124]. The various tests being used to measure practical adhesion give differing results because the factors that influence these results vary from test to test. Fundamental adhesion (i.e., the summation of all interfacial intermolecular interactions between the contacting materials) cannot be measured by these tests, although it influences the results [118]. Most practical adhesion measurements are destructive by nature. Thus, only after a sample is destroyed can it be known if the particular adhesion was good or not.
Specification of Filters and Coatings
Published in H. Angus Macleod, Thin-Film Optical Filters, 2017
Adhesion has already been discussed in Chapter 14. In the simplest type of adhesion test, a piece of adhesive tape is stuck down on the surface of the coating and pulled off. Whether or not this removes the film is taken as an indication of whether the adhesion of the film to the substrate is less than or greater than that of the tape to the film. The test is again of the go–no-go, or binary, type.
Pull-off strength of fibre-reinforced composite polymer coatings on steel substrate
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2022
Paulina Mayer, Anna Dmitruk, Nicole Leja, Emilia Pakiet
To investigate the adhesion of the obtained coatings, a 20 mm diameter measuring punch was glued to the surface of the coating using epoxy adhesive (Drei Bond 7568–1), cut around andpulled off after 24 hours. The reliability of this particular adhesion test depends on the temperature, humidity, skill of the device operator, coating thickness, as well as the type of adhesive and its curing time. The method consists of tearing off a measuring dolly stuck to the tested coating by means of a hydraulic cylinder. The device smoothly increases the pull-off force until the maximum value is recorded, which occurs just before the coating detaches from the substrate. After the adhesion tests were completed, the mechanism of the coating damage was also evaluated.
A critical review of copper electroless deposition on glass substrates for microsystems packaging applications
Published in Surface Engineering, 2022
A pull adhesion tester continuously measures the force required to peel/delaminate the coating from the substrate. The setup used to measure the adhesion test consists of a table on which the substrate can be easily mounted to maintain the desired peeling angles, i.e. 90°, 180°, etc., as shown in Figure 17. The tape is laminated on the substrate and is gripped by the crosshead. The tape is peeled during the movement of the crosshead, and the peeling load along the length of the coating is displayed continuously.
Effect of elemental additions on hot-dipping galvanization behavior
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Murtadha A. Jabbar, Mohammed Y. Yousif, Nuha H. Jasim
An accurate pull-off adhesion test measures coating quality by measuring the force required to pull an area of the coating from the substrate using a 20 mm diameter dolly. The adhesive preparation process takes 2 hours, and excess adhesive is removed before fixing the dolly to the galvanized coating for at least 24 h. The procedure was accomplished according to ASTM D4541 (ASTM, 2022).