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Cognitive Performance and Age
Published in Marcelo M. Soares, Franscisco Rebelo, Advances in Usability Evaulation, 2013
There are many myths as well as facts associated with cognitive changes that result from the normal aging process. In cases of illness such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, the effects on memory and cognition are drastic and well documented in the scientific literature. However, among healthy adults, the cognitive changes resulting from normal aging are less concrete, more subtle, and often debated as not existing, or existing only as myth. As an example, for many years cognitive decline was not thought to begin until after age 60 (Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004), but recent research has revealed declines between ages 45 and 55 in reasoning and memory (Singh-Manoux et al., 2012). Visuospatial performance has also been found to suffer the effects of aging (Libon et al., 1994).
Inclusive Product Interfaces for the Future: Automotive, Aerospace, IoT and Inclusion Design
Published in Hongjian Sun, Chao Wang, Bashar I. Ahmad, From Internet of Things to Smart Cities, 2017
Inclusive design is a user-centred approach that examines designed product features with particular attention to the functional demands they make on the perceptual, thinking and physical capabilities of diverse users, particularly those with reduced capabilities and ageing. It is known, for example, that cognitive capabilities such as verbal and visuospatial IQ show gradually decreasing performance with ageing. Attending to goal-relevant, task features and inhibiting irrelevant ones is important in interaction and this is known to be affected by ageing. Attentional resources may also be reduced by ageing, such that more mistakes are made during divided attention, dual task situations [43,47,53].
Driving errors and gaze behavior during in-vehicle object and spatial distractions
Published in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 2021
Sajad Ahmad Najar, Premjit Khanganba Sanjram
Visuospatial information-processing abilities involve cognitively processing and interpreting information about the appearance of objects and their location in space relative to each other. Such abilities are acquired through training and experience (Wojtasinski & Francuz, 2018). Studies have shown that the higher the level of expertise, the better would be the visuospatial information processing abilities (Burmeister, Saito, Yoshikawa, & Wiles, 2000). Burmeister et al. (2000) found in their study on visuospatial abilities of the game of Go players that experienced players have a better spatial organization at various levels of complexity. Moreover, their eye-movement data suggest that they take into account the minute details of the game that a novice eye cannot see. As compared to novices, there is an increased level of neuronal activity in the brain parts of experts responsible for processing visuospatial information (Ouchi et al., 2005).
Toward optimizing the design of virtual environments for route learning: empirically assessing the effects of changing levels of realism on memory
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2019
Ismini E. Lokka, Arzu Çöltekin
Forty-two participants (M = 27 years, 23 women) voluntarily took part in the experiment based on informed consent. The age range was kept to 20–30, because aging affects memory (Park et al. 2002). All participants were university students (undergraduate to PhD) in different degree programs and were recruited through individual contact. We measured their spatial abilities using a Mental Rotation Task (MRT, Vandenberg and Kuse 1978), and visuospatial memory capacities using a Visuospatial Memory Test (VSM, Ekstrom et al. 1976).