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Construction products and producers
Published in Rick Best, Jim Meikle, Describing Construction, 2023
The UN System of National Accounts (SNA) provides a framework for the preparation of each country’s national accounts and, within that, the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) provides a structure for the recording of production data in national accounts (UN 2008). The Nomenclature Generale des Activities Economiques dans les Communautes Europeenes (NACE) produced by the Statistical Office of the European Community (Eurostat) represents another framework that is compatible with the SNA and is the immediate statistical basis for the UK national accounts. The statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (Eurostat 2008) states that NACE Rev 2 is ‘based on ISIC Rev 4 and adapted to European circumstances’. The UK SIC is published by the UK Office of National Statistics (ONS). The first version of the UK SIC was published in 1948 and there have been seven versions since; the current version was published in 2007(ONS 2007). It describes Section F: Construction as follows: ‘This section includes general construction and specialised construction activities for building and civil engineering works. It includes new work, repair, additions and alterations, the erection of prefabricated buildings or structures on the site and also construction of a temporary nature.’‘…. This section also includes the development of building projects for building or civil engineering works by bringing together financial, technical and physical means to realise the construction projects for later sale.’ That wording indicates the range of activities covered by ‘construction’.
Sustainability Analytics and Decision Acumen
Published in Ram Ramanan, Introduction to Sustainability Analytics, 2018
The UN System of National Accounts (SNA, 2008),248 an international statistical standard for national accounts, was adopted to create a macroeconomic database for analyzing and evaluating the performance of an economy through key aggregates such as GDP and GDP per capita. The United Nations encouraged member countries to use the 2008 SNA as the framework for compiling and integrating economic and related statistics, as well as in the national and international reporting of national accounts statistics.
Evaluation of the Portuguese ocean economy using the Satellite Account for the Sea
Published in C. Guedes Soares, T.A. Santos, Progress in Maritime Technology and Engineering, 2018
A.S. Simoes, M.R. Salvador, C. Guedes Soares
The EU Commission, together with the OECD, the United Nations, the IMF, and the World Bank jointly published the “1993 System of National Accounts (SNA)” to update issues of measurement of market economies. Since then, these organisations have improved Satellite Accounts’ methodology (UN Statistical Division et al., 2008; EU Commission et al., 2013).
Influence of road investment and maintenance expenses on injured traffic crashes in European roads
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2023
José Navarro-Moreno, Francisco Calvo-Poyo, Juan de Oña
With reference to the data on economic resources invested in roadways, deserving mention – given its extensive coverage – is the database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), managed by the International Transport Forum (ITF), which collects data on investment in the construction of roads and expenditure on their maintenance, following the definitions of the United Nations System of National Accounts (2008 SNA). Despite some data gaps, overall the time series present consistency from one country to the next. Moreover, to confirm the consistency and complete missing data, we resorted to diverse additional sources, mainly the national Transport Ministries of the respective lands. All the monetary values were converted to constant prices in 2015 using the OECD price index (OECD, 2020).
Methods for forecasting the market penetration of electric drivetrains in the passenger car market
Published in Transport Reviews, 2018
Patrick Jochem, Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez, Axel Ensslen, Johannes Schäuble, Wolf Fichtner
CGE models are mainly based on data from the system of national accounts or the input–output matrix (Miller & Blair, 2009) and can have microeconomic foundations such as technical production limitations (Böhringer, Löschel, & Rutherford, 2004). In this way, the models optimise at the macroeconomic level and assume utility-maximizing and representative individuals, complete markets without external effects and public goods, complete information, perfect competition, etc. CGE models often examine macroeconomic issues, which today typically have an empirical background (Böhringer et al., 2004). By limiting the market outcome to economic equilibrium, their results are limited from an empirical perspective – particularly in non-Walrasian market situations. However, recent CGE models allow deviation from the equilibrium (e.g. Sampson, 2013). Calibrating the model is still a challenge and is mainly based on values from the literature or estimated by econometric approaches and confirmed by a sensitivity analysis (Boulanger & Bréchet, 2002). If correctly calibrated, CGE models are especially suited to determining long-term forecasts.
Evaluation of the efficiency of fixed assets of economic sectors based on index analysis
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2022
Alisa Ableeva, Guzel Salimova, Tatiana Lubova, Almira Farrahetdinova, Raisa Siraeva
The stated assumptions and estimates indicate the possibility of using index factor analysis to study the processes inherent in various economic systems. The analysis technique used to study the influence of factors on GRP and fixed assets can be applied to analyze various socio-economic phenomena: reproduction and living standards of the population; a system of national accounts; differentiation of wages; as well as in research at the level of economic entities, regions, industries.