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3D Modeling of Shark Skin and Prototype Diffuser for Fluid Control
Published in Akihiro Miyauchi, Masatsugu Shimomura, Industrial Biomimetics, 2019
The centrifugal compressor shown in Fig. 1.10 is an important mechanical component in industrial processes such as petroleum and chemical processing and iron manufacturing and energy infrastructure such as gas turbines and natural gas pipelines [10]. The suction power is generated by the impeller and diffuser. The impeller is rotated with a rotor at several ten thousand revolutions per minute (rpm). The rotating impeller makes the swirl flow. The swirl flow is connected to the diffuser, and the kinetic energy of the swirl gas flow is partially converted to the gas pressure. The diffuser configuration is shown in Fig. 1.11. This diffuser has vanes, so it is called a vaned diffuser. The gas velocity reaches Mach 0.6–0.8 at the front of the diffuser vanes. Therefore, instability of gas flow is often caused at the tips of vanes. Thus, BMD is used for vanes, and the diffuser characteristics are evaluated.
Cell Mechanobiology: The Forces Applied to Cells and Generated by Cells
Published in Jiro Nagatomi, Eno Essien Ebong, Mechanobiology Handbook, 2018
Bin Li, Jeen-Shang Lin, James H.-C. Wang
Biaxial stretching systems are usually vacuum-driven stretching apparatuses9,21 (Figure 16.2C). In such systems, elastic membrane-bottomed plastic culture plates are used. A matched vacuum manifold system provides suction power to stretch the membrane from underneath, resulting in biaxial distention of the membrane. Use of a vacuum as the driving force for generation of substrate strains has the advantage that many variables, including vacuum magnitude, frequency, wave pattern, and duty cycle, can be readily adjusted to fulfill the specific requirements of mechanobiological studies for different types of cells. The system has been modified in many aspects to improve its overall quality, uniformity, and adaptability.21,53,54,123,124 This type of system has been used in many investigations, which address a broad spectrum of cellular events (morphology, phenotype, proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, cytokine or growth factor release, protein production, etc.) in response to various mechanical loading conditions or a combination of mechanical loading and biochemical intervention.17,37,66,84,86,103,115,117,122,148,157,162
Non-Inertial Samplers: Biological Perspectives
Published in Christopher S. Cox, Christopher M. Wathes, Bioaerosols Handbook, 2020
Electrostatic precipitators such as the LVAS permit sampling at high flow rates into liquid and, if necessary the collection fluid can be recycled to concentrate the sample into a small volume. With filtration, a limit to flow rate is posed only by the flow rate through the filter medium and the suction power of the vacuum source, after which the major limit is the physical loading capability of the filter. In practice, however, because of dehydration effects, high-volume sampling by filtration may adversely affect the integrity of some microbial cells and of labile proteinaceous aeroallergens. Thermal precipitators are not appropriate for high-volume sampling.
Transparency in product design: investigating design intentions and consumers’ interpretations
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2018
Peiyao Cheng, Ruth Mugge, Cees de Bont
Products differ in the degree to which they perform their basic functions (Creusen and Schoormans 2005). For example, a vacuum cleaner with high suction power can perform its task more effectively than the one with low suction power. By ‘demonstrate product functionality’, we refer to the effectiveness of a product fulfilling its utilitarian task. Designers can design product appearance to demonstrate the effectiveness of product performance. The participants believed that transparency could be used to ‘demonstrate product functionality’ by showing the effectiveness of the adopted technology. As transparent parts generally expose internal components to consumers, companies need to devote additional efforts and costs to the design of the internal components to make them look organised and attractive to consumers. As a result, the participants considered that exposing internal components by using transparency became a way for companies to demonstrate their technological abilities. One participant mentioned the following:This is their strategy [to show the internal structure] … All of the vacuum cleaner manufacturers would like people to see it, because it is expensive. If you want people to look inside, it means that the internal components need to look beautiful.