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The Open Geospatial Consortium and Location Service Standards
Published in Hassan A. Karimi, Advanced Location-Based Technologies and Services, 2016
In early 2000, the MASC recommended the following OGC actions related to location services: That the location-based services (LBS) market becomes a major standards focus for the balance of 2000. This includes identifying the interfaces necessary to meet the requirements of this market. The MASC agreed that the interfaces and technology being defined and built for the IP test beds provide the foundation for the location services market. In addition, there were a number of recommendations and actions related to LBS.Create a new OGC Location Services Domain Working Group. The function of this working group was to discuss and document requirements and use cases for the OpenLS standard specification.Brand the name OpenLS (Open Location Services).Action and agreement with a proposal that the OGC cannot wait to define key interfaces (functional) for LBS. Therefore, a set of straw man interfaces was to be defined in the near term. OGC staff definition of an initial set of interfaces was seminal to this work.Ensure that the existing architecture frameworks can support the requirements of LBS.That in 2001 a location services interoperability test bed be started.
Sustaining Performance in Mass Casualty Environments
Published in Steven Kornguth, Rebecca Steinberg, Michael D. Matthews, Neurocognitive and Physiological Factors During High-Tempo Operations, 2018
Problem-based learning is the preferred approach to MCI education and training. Complex environments demand the understanding of multiple, dynamic systems, and the ability to rapidly synthesize information and determine what is important. Triage algorithms form the straw-man decision-assisting structure for such environments. Application of these algorithms in the framework of a problem-based approach with contextual relevance forms the basis of effective education and training. Measures of performance and effectiveness may be derived from such a framework.
Bias, Conflict of Interest, Ignorance, and Uncertainty
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
In 2002, Dr. Dale Hattis of Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts proposed a “straw man” for the reference dose.88 His paper advocated separation of the magnitude or severity of a particular health effect from the population incidence. For increasing exposure, both incidence at a given effect magnitude or degree of severity in the population would increase.
Machine learning for colour Palette extraction from fashion runway images
Published in International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 2020
The straw-man approach of applying clustering analysis to the whole image (Model 1) was unsurprisingly shown to be ineffective since the background tends to dominate the images in terms of pixel frequency. The application of a people detector followed by foreground/background segmentation was shown to be effective and the colour palettes produced by this method were shown to be about as similar to each participant’s palettes were sent to each other’s. This method using two machine-learning techniques: (1) cluster analysis and (2) a pre-trained neural network that is capable of reliable detection of upright unoccluded people. Neither of these AI techniques required intensive training by the authors (cluster analysis is unsupervised and the people-detection method using a pre-trained publicly available method). The use of the ‘off-the-shelf’ machine-learning methods in this study demonstrated that such methods are becoming commonplace and are accessible to almost anyone.