Statistical dispersion

Case Studies

Published in Nicholas Stergiou, Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, 2018

In our study, we evaluated the consistency of movement trajectory in robot-assisted surgery using objective measures that examine the amount and the structure of movement variability. Amount of variability is generally measured by the standard deviation, a measure of statistical dispersion, and coefficient of variation, which is a normalized measure of dispersion. The largest LyE, a measure of structure of variability, is used to examine consistency by evaluating the rate of change in movement trajectories; more diverged or less consistent movement is indicated as LyE increases (Stergiou et al. 2004). Thus, reduction in the LyE measure indicated increased consistency of movement trajectories. The structure of variability has been utilized in evaluating consistent patterns in human movement (Kay 1988).

Multi-objective optimization of cordon sanitaire considering operation cost and queueing equity

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Journal Information

Published in Transportation Letters, 2022

Hong-Zhi Lin, Yongping Zhang

The objective of the planner could be multiple. Besides the total operation cost of servers, the operators usually consider other aspects, such as system total travel time, system total queueing time, queueing equity, etc. Queuing equity is adopted as a secondary objective here for approximately equal waiting times at all entry links. It is a measure of the dispersion of queueing delay distribution. Common measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. Here the traditional variance is used. Therefore, the secondary objective function in the upper-level programming model can be formulated as:

Statistical dispersion

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Case Studies

Multi-objective optimization of cordon sanitaire considering operation cost and queueing equity