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Munich (Munchen)
Published in Geraint John, Dave Parker, Olympic Stadia, 2019
On the west side in situ concrete frames carry precast concrete box girder steps spanning up to 15m. Spectator sightlines were a major consideration: the aim was to direct “the eyes of each spectator in the stadium to a point 8.80m in front of the first row of the grandstand.”4 This resulted in a parabolically sloped layout.
CORAL: introducing a fully computational plug-in for stadium design and optimization; a case study of finding optimal spectators’ viewing angle
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2019
Seyed Hossein Zargar, Matin Alaghmandan
Primitive form of the stadium can be circles with different radiuses or any type of ovals. CORAL is optimized for round and closed curve without sharp edges and it works with curve's division. For the purpose of illustration, we use the math formulas of oval's forms to build the initial stadium shapes (two circles, radial changes and centre to centre length) (Figure 4). By defining the requirements of the competition field’s length, the boundary of an acceptable and unacceptable form will be separated (Figure 5). Inappropriate forms violate the requirements of the main field and its margins. All of these factors are in full control of the designer, and the user can choose the desired form in order to continue the design process (Figure 6).
Bioinspired building structural conceptual design by graphic static and layout optimization: a case study of human femur structure
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2022
Structural span requirements: The precondition of the span can be seen in Figure 12. In this case, a stadium that can accommodate a standard football field (68 * 105 m) is to be designed. At the same time, the stadium needs a stand and service space with a thickness of 40 m, of which the service space is required to be at least 18 m (yellow lines). The span of the stand space is about 22 m, and it needs to have 3 floors (each floor is 15 m high). On the top of the three-story stands is the roof of the stadium, and the roof should be formed like a cantilever to provide a sunlight shield to the audience.