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The Designer
Published in Miguel Ángel Herrera Batista, The Ontology of Design Research, 2020
Spatial intelligence is, then, the ability of an individual to interpret space and generate mental representations in two and three dimensions. In design education, this skill is usually developed from courses of descriptive geometry or computing teaching focused on graphic representation, for example. But not only that; this skill is developed too by the practice of drawing and other subjects. Through these activities, the student sharpens their sense of proportion, scale, rhythm, and spatial order, among many other aspects of visual language.
Sex differences in self-reported spatial abilities and affect: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Spatial Cognition & Computation, 2023
Victoria Matthews, Clarisse Ramirez, Kate B. Metcalfe, Madeline Wiseman, Daniel Voyer
To be considered relevant for coding, each paper had to meet three inclusion criteria. The first criterion was that the study had to include empirical research. The second criterion was that the method must have included at least one measure of self-reported spatial ability or spatial affect. The dimension of spatial ability could vary. For example, measures that assessed self-reported navigation, sense of direction, visualization, distance estimation, spatial anxiety, spatial confidence, spatial intelligence, and spatial imagery skills were considered relevant. However, direct measures of spatial performance such as tasks that measured mental rotation, distance estimation accuracy, navigation, and spatial memory performance were excluded. Finally, the third inclusion criterion was that the sample must have included both neurotypical male and female human participants. Studies that used male-only, female-only, and nonhuman samples were excluded. Those that used participants from clinical populations (e.g., visually/hearing impaired or brain damaged individuals) were also excluded, but data from healthy neurotypical control groups were included when available.
Who needs automotive on-board navigation systems? Predicting operational performance from spatial anxiety and gender differences
Published in Transportation Planning and Technology, 2020
Jenhung Wang, Yen-Chieh Wang, Chung-Wei Shen, Pei-Chun Lin
In successful wayfinding navigation, people first need to orient themselves in space, that is to say, they need to know where their location is and in which direction they are heading. They then need to plan a route with an understanding of where the destination is located. Finally, they execute the planned route to the destination. People access stored knowledge about the surrounding space, or refer to navigational aids such as maps (Ishikawa et al. 2008). Map-reading requires spatial ability. High-spatial-ability individuals are likely to have good map-reading skills. In contrast, low-spatial-ability individuals are likely to read maps poorly and make less accurate navigational decisions (Wochlnger and Boehm-Davis, 1995). Various definitions have been offered to describe spatial ability. Rafi et al. (2005) define spatial ability as spatial cognition, spatial intelligence, spatial reasoning, and spatial sense. According to Lawton (2010), spatial abilities refer to the cognitive processes involved in locating targets in space, perceiving distance and directional relationships, and mentally transforming objects with respect to their position or orientation in space. Spatial ability is involved in navigational aspects of the driving task, including route-following and map-reading, and requires a range of spatial skills, such as recognizing terrain, being aware of one’s direction and orientation, and comparing the spatial features of the real-world to their representations on navigational aids. Navigational skill is reported to be influenced by spatial ability, perceptual speed, and the type of navigational aid (Wochlnger and Boehm-Davis, 1995).
Dominant type and migrant spaces in Chinese cities: architectural transformation of the tower-podium typology of a high-rise housing block into hybrid living place in Ningbo, China
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2022
Yat Ming Loo, Hiroyuki Shinohara, Yuwei Wang, Yanning Xiang
However, the focus of this paper is not the appropriation of space by people. Instead, it is concerned with how architects and architectural design can be an active agent stimulating spatial appropriation in the podium of the tower-podium type. In this, we are interested in how design can promote a form of spatial intelligence to promote a dialogue between the formal and informal system, a dialogue between different social and income groups. In short, we speculate a new urban and architectural strategy so that social integration could be considered in urban redevelopment. Next, we look at how the tower-podium emerges as the dominant type in cities.