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Straight line graphs
Published in John Bird, Bird's Basic Engineering Mathematics, 2021
The gradient or slope of a straight line is the ratio of the change in the value of y to the change in the value of x between any two points on the line. If, as x increases, (→), y also increases, (↑), then the gradient is positive.
Validation of a spectral wave model for wave energy assessments in the bay of Cádiz
Published in C. Guedes Soares, Developments in Renewable Energies Offshore, 2020
M.J. Legaz, S. Ponce de León, C. Guedes Soares
The bias of the median of significant wave height is defined as the difference between the mean value of measured and modelled significant wave heights. The slope can be defined as the ratio of the “vertical change” to the “horizontal change” between (any) two distinct points on a line.
The mechanism of soil moisture contents in a slope gully during rainfall
Published in N. Khalili, A.R. Russell, A. Khoshghalb, Unsaturated Soils: Research & Applications, 2020
Slopes are prone to failures in an area undergoing high-intensity rainfall, usually induced by typhoon. Factors dominating the slope failure can be complicated. In addition to rainfall, geological conditions, vegetation, and topography etc are important factors relevant to the stability of slopes. Amongst those factors, 3-D slope terrain, e.g. gully, does not get too much attention in the stability of slopes. Slope gully collects runoff considerably higher than other types of terrains during rainfall, and the hydrological and mechanical behavior of the soil in a gully may be in turn different from other types of terrains. However, slope terrain can be difficult to quantify in the stability of slopes.
Functions and performance of sensors for slope monitoring in opencast coal mines – laboratory experimentation
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Sathish Kumar Mittapally, Ram Chandar Karra
The sensors are classified based on the parameter that is sensing. Several sensors have been invented and innovated in the past fifteen to twenty years. However, it is not necessary to use all kinds of sensors for monitoring, and it will be a blunder to choose an unsuitable sensor that would result in tragedy. So, sensors sensing the parameters likely to contribute to slope movement should be adopted. The common factors that affect the slope’s stability are geological properties, geometry, weight distribution along the slope, pore water pressure, and external impulsive forces. It is also essential to examine every factor that has the potential to trigger slope movement. So, in this research, a soil moisture sensor for soil moisture and water condition and a vibration sensor for exterior seismic waves are selected to investigate the changes that occur to the slope model caused by artificial augmentation in moisture content and external vibration.
Seismic Slope Displacement of Tailings Dam: A Comparative Study between Modified Newmark and Mohr-Coulomb Models
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Violeta Mircevska, Miroslav Nastev, Ana Nanevska
The slope stability represents an important safety issue for geotechnical structures, such as retaining walls, shallow and deep foundations, earth and rock-fill dams, cuts, natural slopes, etc., particularly in seismic prone regions. A number of earthquake-induced slope failures have been reported in the literature providing a valuable information for prediction of the performance of existing and earthquake resistant design of future earth dams and embankments(Seed et al. 1975; Raymond and Keefer 1983; Chen, Morgenstern, and Chan 1992; Ambraseys and Srbulov 1995; Jibson and Keefer 1993; California Geological; Survey 2008; Foster, Fell, and Spannagle 2000). As a general rule, the assessment of the seismic slope stability includes evaluation of the loading conditions, slope failure mechanics, factor of safety (FoS), and the extent of the potential displacements (Bray and Travasarou 2007; Cheng 2003; Finn 2000; Swaisgood 2003).
Stability evaluations of three-layered soil slopes based on extreme learning neural network
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2020
An-Jui Li, Kelvin Lim, Abdoulie Fatty
Slope stability problems are commonly encountered in geotechnical engineering. Hence, various investigations and methods have been performed and developed to tackle the various slope stability problems. The advancements in slope stability analyses have spurred the development of chart solutions, which are convenient tools and can provide quick first estimates of slope stability. Generally, the chart solutions produced include natural slopes, cut slopes and slopes influenced by external factors such as seismic loading or pore water pressure (Taylor 1937; Michalowski 2002; Li, Merifield, and Lyamin 2009, 2010; Sun and Qin 2014). More recently, chart solutions for fill slopes have also been developed (Kumar and Samui 2006; Qian et al. 2014; Lim, Li, and Lyamin 2015, 2015). It has been found that the failure mechanism of a fill slope can be influenced by the shear strength properties of the slope.