China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dialectics of Nature: Inspiration for Computing
Published in Nazmul Siddique, Hojjat Adeli, Nature-Inspired Computing, 2017
The beauty of the patterns observed in nature has attracted the attention of researchers for many years. In 1968, Lindenmayer (1968) introduced formalism for simulating the development of multicellular organisms, initially known as Lindenmayer systems and subsequently named L-systems, which attracted the immediate interest of theoretical computer scientists. The development of the mathematical theory of L-systems was followed by its applications to the modeling of plants. The central concept of L-systems is that of rewriting. In general, rewriting is a technique for defining complex objects by successively replacing parts of a simple initial object using a set of rewriting rules or productions. However, although a geometrical interpretation of strings was at the origin of L-systems, they were not applied to picture generation until 1984, when Aono and Kunii (1984) and Smith (1984) used them to create realistic-looking images of trees and plants.
Rewriting for organization
Published in Gerald Rau, Writing for Engineering and Science Students, 2019
For experienced writers, much rewriting will occur during the process of writing, as they delete and rewrite whole sentences or even paragraphs. They will not follow a discrete series of steps but will change things on multiple levels at once. Nevertheless, they will try to make large changes before small, and will go through the whole text many times, as I am suggesting you do.
An effective model for cancellous bone with a viscous interstitial fluid *
Published in Applicable Analysis, 2021
Mischa Blaszczyk, Robert Pertsch Gilbert, Klaus Hackl
In this section, we will consider the variational formulation of the nonlocal boundary value problem. As usual, multiplying () by the conjugate of the test function and integrating by parts, we obtain We define the sesquilnear bilinear form Then equation above becomes and by rewriting the boundary term in the above as we have We repeat this process for the equation by multiplying equation () by the test function π and integrating by parts By introducing the sesquilinear form and using the condition (), the variational form of the equation now may be written as
Analytical, Semi-Analytical, and Numerical Heavy-Gas Verification Benchmarks of the Effective Multiplication Factor and Temperature Coefficient
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2018
Matthew A. Gonzales, Brian C. Kiedrowski, Anil K. Prinja, Forrest B. Brown
In the limit of a large target mass, Eq. (1) can be converted from an integral equation into a second-order ordinary differential equation with nonconstant coefficients. This is done by rewriting the scattering term Eq. (1) to be in terms of with as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, performing a Taylor series expansion on about , and retaining terms in while neglecting higher-order terms in . The result is the heavy-gas model:
River computations: artificial backwater from the momentum advection scheme
Published in Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2018
Frank W. Platzek, Guus S. Stelling, Jacek A. Jankowski, Regina Patzwahl, Julie D. Pietrzak
In this discretization, which was introduced in Stelling and Duinmeijer (2003), a conservative finite volume formulation is rewritten to a simple finite difference method with the same properties. The method was extended to unstructured grids based on the work by Perot (2000) in Kramer and Stelling (2008) and applied and further developed in Kernkamp, van Dam, Stelling, and de Goede (2011) and Kleptsova, Pietrzak, and Stelling (2012). It was applied in combination with high-resolution subgrid topography by Stelling (2012) (on quadtree grids) and Volp, van Prooijen, and Stelling (2013). With the chosen semi-implicit temporal discretization, it can only be demonstrated to be momentum conservative on a discrete level for stationary conditions. It is derived by rewriting the advection term from Eq. (1) into: where q=Hu is the specific discharge. Discretizing for edge at time level n, we get: where For flow in the positive x-direction, this simplifies to the following advection term: The advective velocities in (5) for this scheme are thus computed as: where is the specific discharge in x-direction. The detailed derivation can be found in Stelling and Duinmeijer (2003).