China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Social value assessment
Published in Ani Raiden, Martin Loosemore, Andrew King, Chris Gorse, Social Value in Construction, 2018
Ani Raiden, Martin Loosemore, Andrew King, Chris Gorse
Whilst probability-based (random) sampling can save time and expense, most researchers do not have the resources to randomly sample an entire population and therefore find it necessary to employ non-probability sampling. In non-probability sampling, respondents are selected on the basis of a purposive personal judgement of the researcher. This can be done in a number of ways. For example, convenience sampling involves picking your sample according to what is available. Snowball sampling involves a researcher asking one target person in the population to nominate other potential participants based on their knowledge so that the sample gradually snowballs to become larger. Judgement sampling involves a researcher deciding which population members to include based on his or her judgement, which is justified in some way. Quota sampling includes a designated number of people with certain specified characteristics. The downside of non-probability sampling is that the choice can be biased by the researcher’s preferences and perceptions, and an unknown proportion of the entire population is not sampled, which means that the sample may or may not represent the entire population accurately and, as such, the results of the research cannot be generalised to the entire population.
Work–Life Balance and Its Determinants among Workers with Dependent Care Responsibilities
Published in Dorota Żołnierczyk-Zreda, Healthy Worker and Healthy Organization, 2020
The study sample was selected based on the non-probability quota sampling method, whereby the sampled study participants were determined by industry sector (construction, administration, retail, health care, social services, accommodation and catering), ownership structure (private sector vs. public sector), company size, and gender. The study participants constituted defined quotas of working women (N = 303) and working men (N = 303) evenly distributed among the industry sectors. The study sample (N = 606) was selected out of a population of 100,000 (confidence level = 0.95, estimated fraction size = 0.5, maximum error = 0.04).
The impact of COVID-19 on academic aeromobility practices: Hypocrisy or moral quandary?
Published in Mobilities, 2023
Sherry H. Y. Tseng, Craig Lee, James Higham
At the end of the phase 1 survey, a question was included asking respondents to indicate their willingness to participate in follow-up interviews. This process generated 120 expressions of interest. Because of the high interest levels, a quota sampling procedure was implemented to select interviewees to ensure time efficiency and to gain various and balanced insights across different genders, divisions, and academic positions (Moser 1952). Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling method that allows researchers to access the sample representing the population (Etikan and Bala 2017). When selecting the interview participants, the study set out to interview one person from each position within each division while maintaining gender balance. Following the UoO’s structure, one Professor, one Associate Professor, one Senior Lecturer, and one Lecturer from each division were selected. In addition, due to the unique structures of the Divisions of Health Sciences and Sciences, one Post-doctoral Fellow and one Research Fellow were also selected. In some cases, participants were reselected when the gender or position distribution was imbalanced or participants refused to attend.
Health on the move—can we keep up? Activity tracker performance test to measure data and strategic skills
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Pia S. de Boer, Alexander J. A. M. van Deursen, Thomas J. L. van Rompay
From April 1, 2019, through December 12, 2019, we conducted performance tests using activity trackers. In total, 100 participants were recruited by distributing (digital) flyers on social media and by door-to-door canvassing. Through the flyers, potential participants were referred to a website containing detailed information about the study and instructions for enrolling. The participants were selected based on the criteria of possessing a smartphone and having no prior experience using an activity tracker. Furthermore, to generalize the findings, quota sampling was applied for gender, age and level of educational attainment. After selection, the participants were phoned and invited to participate in this study, and appointments were planned. After planning, a confirmation email was sent. Table 1 provides an overview of the distribution of the participants by gender, age and education.
The perception of Malaysian pedestrians toward the use of footbridges
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2018
Pedestrians were heterogeneous in their characteristics (age, gender, etc.); therefore, sampling was required. In this study, quota sampling was used. At each site, the author invited pedestrians to complete the questionnaire until each quota was filled and the total sample size was reached. Equation (1) was used to determine the sample size (Yamane 1967): where n is the the sample size, N is the peak number of pedestrians who crossed the area during 15 min, and e is the margin of error, which was determined to be 5%. Respondents for this study included 191 pedestrians (age ranged from 11 to over than 59 years, 62.3% male).