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Minerals, Wealth, and Progress
Published in Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger, Mining and the Environment, 2019
Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) was the first significant political response to increasing environmental awareness in the USA, and as such is considered to be the origin of ESIA as a distinct discipline. Since available economic appraisal techniques did not take into account environmental and social costs of major developments, it was widely accepted that additional project appraisal instruments were needed. The most prominent provision of this law was the requirement to prepare an ‘Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)’ for any ‘major Federal action’ likely to have environmental impacts. Activists welcomed the possibility, if only theoretical, that a project could be stopped on environmental grounds. Pragmatists welcomed a procedure for predicting negative effects, receiving feedback and holding hearings to address controversial proposals, and writing project and site-specific programs to manage and mitigate negative effects.
How do NDC and UN’s sustainable development goals introduce new meaning of sustainability within mega transport project appraisals?
Published in Journal of Mega Infrastructure & Sustainable Development, 2019
Chandrima Mukhopadhyay, Darshini Mahadevia
The project appraisal should be expanded to include multiple stakeholders’ and actors’ inputs at the design and implementation stage. The project approval often depends on a top-down approach, that is, it takes inputs from all technical actors from the supply side, and mostly from those in support of the project. Cost benefit analysis based on a single perspective is often used as a decision-making tool based on ‘with project’ or ‘without project’ scenarios. Similarly, Bon (2015) finds that the Delhi metro-rail projects have minimally used stakeholder consultation.