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Assembly Techniques
Published in Roydn D. Jones, Hybrid Circuit Design and Manufacture, 2020
On low-volume applications a simple potting or casting procedure may be used with liquid epoxies or silicones. A low-cost metal mold may be vised or a low-cost case may be merely filled with the encapsuiant. Investment is very low but the labor cost is high, so the approach is used only for low volumes or prototypes.
Installing and Using the Hybrid Assembly
Published in Fred W. Kear, Hybrid Assemblies and Multichip Modules, 2020
Potting requires a mold to hold the liquid resin in place while it is hardening. A sleeve or a cup is normally used for the mold and this can remain in place after potting. This practice allows the mold to be used for secondary functions such as the mounting of connectors and large components that cannot be placed on the thick-film substrate. Potting also protects the circuit from other environmental exposure, such as moisture or airborne contaminants.
Polymer Processing Techniques Used in Photovoltaic Packaging and Balance of Systems (BOS) Component Fabrication
Published in Michelle Poliskie, Solar Module Packaging, 2016
Potting describes a processing technique in which the adhesive is dispensed into a permanent enclosure, such as a junction box. The two most common processing failures are bubbles and shrinkage. There is no optical requirement to remove bubbles from junction boxes, but the processing chamber is usually evacuated during cure to level the pottant’s surface and to force removal of deleterious by-products emitted during cure. Cure shrinkage must be minimized to prevent unwanted stress on the electrical components, and it is commonly controlled by choosing a low shrinkage chemistry.
A geometric modeling method for an integrally stiffened panel with three-dimensional woven composites
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Hiyeop Kim, Yoenhi Kim, Jungsun Park, Joonhyung Byun
The buckling test is set up as shown in Figure 27. Fixtures are installed on the top and bottom of the panel to apply a uniform compressive load to the skins and stiffeners. For potting the stiffened panel to the fixture, we use an epoxy paste adhesive (EA9394). Following the guidelines for the use of the epoxy, the panel and fixtures are cured at 60 °C for 24 h. A compressive load is applied to the stiffened panel using MTS E45 (Max. 30 kN). The final failure of the panel cannot be checked because the maximum load of our test equipment is not sufficient. Therefore, as shown in Figure 28, compression is performed at a low speed of 0.1 mm/min to measure more accurately the first buckling load and mode. When the slope of the curve changes, it is determined as the point at which buckling occurs. The buckling load is calculated as the average of the two values by measuring from strain gauges attached to the front and back of the panel.
Effect of axial compression on stiffness and deformation of human lumbar spine in flexion-extension
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2023
Kalle Chastain, Bronislaw Gepner, David Moreau, Benjamin Koerber, Jason Forman, Jason Hallman, Jason Kerrigan
Each specimen was then secured in potting cups to facilitate installation of the specimen in the robotic test fixture using a polyurethane casting resin (Fast Cast #891, Goldenwest Manufacturing Inc., Grass Valley, CA). The superior endplate of the sacrum was oriented parallel to the sacrum potting fill line and positioned such that the majority of the sacral ala was below the fill line to ensure proper grip of the sacrum yet unrestricted motion of the L5-S1 joint. Similarly, the inferior endplate of T12 was oriented parallel to the superior potting cup fill line, and positioned to facilitate good grip of the T10-T12 construct, but permit unrestricted motion of the T12-L1 joint. Both the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum were constrained with screws and pins, rigidly fixed to the potting cups to hold their positions during potting. To facilitate vertebral motion tracking, the potted and collared specimens underwent computed tomography (CT) scans (0.65 mm slice thickness and <1 mm in-plane resolution) to relate the 3D motion tracking markers from the collars to individual vertebral coordinate systems, defined using anatomical landmarks, at each level.
Impact of hailstorm on the performance of PV module: a review
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Vinay Gupta, Madhu Sharma, Rupendra Pachauri, K N Dinesh Babu
Results demonstrate that the impact of the hailstorm on the PV module mainly depends on the material utilized for the front layer. No panel configuration utilizing a clear silicone potting as the front layer demonstrated fit for withstanding 1-inch width simulated hailstones without cell breaking. Two types utilizing annealed glass as the front layer were fit for withstanding up to 1-inch width simulated hailstones, however the glass was broken under the effect of 1–1/4-inch width hailstones; one type utilizing annealed glass survived 1–1/4-inch width hailstones. Three other configurations, one 0.10-inch thick acrylic and the other two 0.125-inch thick tempered glass, withstood 1–1/4-inch, however not 1–1/2-inch, width simulated hailstones. Three other configurations, two using 0.125-inch thick tempered glass and the third utilizing 0.19-inch thick tempered glass, withstood 1–1/2-inch breadth ice balls yet broke under the effect of 2-inch ice balls (Moore and Wilson 1978).