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Introduction to Case Studies and Applications of Web Based Energy Information and Control Systems
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Lynne C. Capehart, Paul J. Allen, David C. Green, Web Based Energy Information and Control Systems:, 2021
Barney L Capehart, Lynne C. Capehart, Michael Ivanovich, David C. Green
Without question, the information-technology revolution washing over the HVAC controls and building-automation-systems sectors of the mechanical-engineering field is critically important. In fact, this revolution has been so overwhelmingly fast, broad, and deep, it has overtaken the educational resources of the buildings industry to cope with it. Several paradoxes exist that need to be resolved. Engineers coming out of college may have more computer expertise, but most do not have the practical HVAC experience needed to design controls systems. Veteran engineers may have the practical HVAC experience, but are generally resistant to learning the ins and outs of data communications technology required for engaging in networked-controls design at a level where they are independent of suppliers doing much of the engineering for them.
Design thinking is a way of working
Published in Teun den Dekker, Design Thinking, 2020
We have come full circle; the paradox of the problem has been uncovered. In later phases, solutions can be sought via the design process, to break the circle that sustains the problem. The design team will therefore have to look for a suitable solution that eliminates the paradox or explores the limits thereof. Do you also notice that the curtains or fitting room doors have become shorter over time (which means that everyone sees your socks, but also what you have on the floor)? or that more and more common spaces have been created around fitting rooms including banks for shop-goers (social control, despite experiencing privacy)? Two more examples of problem paradoxes can be seen in f igure 2.7.
Formulation of Research Problems
Published in Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, A Guide to Research Methodology, 2019
A sophism is an argument which, though apparently correct in form, actually contains an error which makes the final deduction absurd. A well-known sophism is that “what you did not lose, you possess. You have not lost horns, hence you possess them”. A paradox is a statement that seemingly contradicts common sense, yet in fact is true. The study of many paradoxes has played an extraordinary role in the development of contemporary physics. Consider one example. Linear dimensions of bodies change with temperature according to the law lt = l0 (1 + α t) where lt denotes length at temperature t. Suppose temperature drops to t = − 1 / α, then the length becomes 0. Is it possible.to decrease temperature below this level to make length negative? Absurd. This led to a deeper study and it was found that even if the coefficient of thermal expansion is high, the value of − 1 / α is much less than − 273°C. For example, lead has α = 3 × 10−50 C−1. In this case − 1 / α is a temperature which can never be reached. We now realize the dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion on temperature, too.
The best of times and the worst of times: empirical operations and supply chain management research
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Steven A. Melnyk, Barbara B. Flynn, Amrou Awaysheh
A paradox presents two contrary perspectives; taken separately, each is incontestable (Poole and Van de Ven 1989). Davis (1971) provided a set of generic paradoxes, summarised in Table 4. A paradox can be resolved through a shift in perspective or by posing the problem differently; thus, a paradox can be useful in developing interesting research questions. Options for dealing with a paradox include:Live with itUse temporal separation to explain it (e.g. firms at different stages of development will respond differently)Use managerial separation to explain it (e.g. what people at the operational level think about is different from what people at higher levels think about)Revise the theory to accommodate the paradox (Poole and Van de Ven 1989)
Effect of Behavior Tension on Value Creation in Owner–Contractor Relationships: Moderating Role of Dependence Asymmetry
Published in Engineering Management Journal, 2021
Qinzhen Qian, Lianying Zhang, Tingting Cao
There are “colliding events, forces, or contradictory values which compete with each other for domination and control” in human society (Van de Ven, 1992). According to paradox theory, tensions derive from contradictions and are integral to human-involved activities (Das & Teng, 2000; Raza-Ullah et al., 2014). These contradictory yet interrelated elements coexist and persist over time” (Gnyawali et al., 2016). Paradox theory, in other words, presents a lens through which to understand paradoxical tensions between contradictory elements in complex systems and, rather than either/or strategies, proposes an approach to tensions that posits a dynamic equilibrium model to understand organizing systems (Poole & Van de Ven, 1989; Schad et al., 2016; W.K. Smith & Lewis, 2011). Organizational theorists initially adopted this lens in the late 1980s (Cameron, 1986; Poole & Van de Ven, 1989; K. Smith & Berg, 1987); since then, paradox theory has been used more widely, across various areas (Guilmot & Ehnert, 2015), including strategic management (Ivory & Brooks, 2018; Raza-Ullah et al., 2014), organizational behavior (Miron-Spektor et al., 2011; Lüscher & Lewis, 2008), operations management (Eisenhardt et al., 2010; Zimmermann et al., 2015), human resources management (Aust et al., 2015; Keegan et al., 2019), and leadership (Shao et al., 2019; Waldman & Bowen, 2016). In engineering and project management too, paradox theory provides a pertinent theoretical foundation to explore contradictory phenomena in projects (Alderman & Ivory, 2007; Szentes, 2017; Szentes & Eriksson, 2016; Van Marrewijk et al., 2008).
Bending and vibrational behaviors of piezoelectric nonlocal nanobeam including surface elasticity
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2019
M. A. Eltaher, Fatema-Alzahraa Omar, W. S. Abdalla, E. H. Gad
Even though, gradient non-local models restraint the classical assumption of locality, and admit that stress depending on the strain values of all points on the body [53]. There is a paradox still unresolved at this stage. Challamel and Wnag [53] shown the paradox of gradient nonlocal theory that may be overcome with a gradient elastic model as well as an integral non-local elastic model which is based on combining the local and the non-local curvatures in the constitutive elastic relation. Benvenuti and Simone [54] presented the equivalence between nonlocal and gradient elasticity models by making reference to one-dimensional boundary value problems equipped with two integral stress–strain laws proposed by Eringen. Fernández-Sáez et al. [55] solved the paradox that appeared when solving the cantilever beam with the differential form of the Eringen model using the integral form of the Eringen model. Tuna and Kirca [56] derived the closed-form analytical solutions of original integral model for static bending of Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams. It is noted that, for all boundary and loading conditions the integral model predicts the softening effect of the nonlocal parameter as expected. Norouzzadeh and Ansari [57] presented a finite-element model of Timoshenko nanobeams based on the integral nonlocal continuum theory to overcome paradoxical results obtained by the differential model. Norouzzadeh et al. [58] studied pre-buckling responses of Timoshenko nanobeams based on the integral and differential models of nonlocal elasticity. Romano et al. [59] adopted nonlocal model by expressing convolution of elastic curvature with a smoothing kernel to overcome the paradoxes found in the nonlocal elastic nanobeams bending. Romano and Barretta [60,61] proved that the stress-driven integral constitutive law provides the natural way to get well-posed nonlocal elastic problems for application to nano-structures. Apuzzo et al. [62] derived the equation of motion of Euler–Bernoulli nanobeam using stress-driven nonlocal integral model.