China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Possible Objections—Environmental Issues
Published in Fred Hopengarten, Antenna Zoning, 2012
Now, to be very conservative, do not assume that there were 30,000 birds killed, but perhaps 12,000 (pick your own number and do your own math). 12,000 ounces (oz) divided by 16 oz in a pound (lb) = 750 lb. At 0.5 oz per bird, that’s 375 lb. However, if you believe the 30,000 bird number, at 0.67 oz per bird (the arithmetic mean of weight), that would have been 1,256.25 lbs of birds.
The impact of blast induced movement on grade dilution in Nevada’s precious metal mines
Published in B. Mohanty, Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, 2020
S.L. Taylor, L.J. Gilbride, J.J.K. Daemen, P. Mousset-Jones
The results of comparing the first series and the second series of models are; First series 203,400 tons grading 0.0080 oz/ton Au and 1.41 oz/ton Ag minedSecond series 204,000 tons grading 0.00-Second series 204,000 tons grading 0.0079 oz/ton Au and 1.37 oz/ton Ag minedLost values due to the blast induced movement were 20.2 oz Au and 8231 oz AgThis equates into 2.2% dilution for these three blasts, with the mine averaging 5.3% over 34 monthsThis represents lost revenues (minimum) of US$47,000 for three blasts or approximately US$2.4 million per year. At 5.3%, the lost revenues would be approximately US$ 5.8 million per annum.
Symbols, Terminology, and Nomenclature
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Osmotic coefficient () - Defined by = ln aA/(MAmB), where MA is the molar mass of substance A (normally the solvent), aA is its activity, and the mB are molalities of the solutes. [1] Osmotic pressure () - The excess pressure necessary to maintain osmotic equilibrium between a solution and the pure solvent separated by a membrane permeable only to the solvent. In an ideal dilute solution = cBRT , where cB is the amountof-substance concentration of the solute, R is the molar gas constant, and T the temperature. [1,2] Ostwald dilution law - A relation for the concentration dependence of the molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution, viz., 1 1 c = + ° K ( ° )2 where c is the solute concentration, K is the equilibrium constant for dissociation of the solute, and ° is the conductivity at c = 0. Ounce (oz) - A non-SI unit of mass. The avoirdupois ounce equals 28.34952 g, while the troy ounce equals 31.10348 g. Overpotential () - In an electrochemical cell, the difference between the potential of an electrode and its zero-current value. Oximes - Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes. [5] Oxo compounds - Compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. The term thus embraces aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ketones, sulfonic acids, amides and esters. [5] Ozonides - The 1,2,4-trioxolanes formed by the reaction of ozone at a carbon-carbon double bond, or the analogous compounds derived from acetylenic compounds. [5] Pair production - A process in which a photon is converted into a particle and its antiparticle (e.g., an electron and positron) in the electromagnetic field of a nucleus. Paraffins - Obsolescent term for saturated hydrocarbons, commonly but not necessarily acyclic. Still widely used in the petrochemical industry, where the term designates acyclic saturated hydrocarbons, and stands in contradistinction to naphthenes. [5] Paramagnetism* - A type of magnetism characterized by a positive magnetic susceptibility, so that the material becomes weakly magnetized in the direction of an external field. The magnetization disappears when the field in removed. In the simplest approximation (Curie's law) the susceptibility is inversely proportional to temperature. Parity - The property of a quantum-mechanical wave function that describes its behavior under the symmetry operation of coordinate inversion. A parity of +1 (or even) is assigned if the wave function does not change sign when the signs of all the coordinates are changed; the parity is -1 (or odd) if the wave function changes sign under this operation. Parsec (pc) - A unit of distance defined as the distance at which 1 astronomical unit (AU) subtends an angle of 1 second of arc. It is equal to 206264.806 AU or 3.085678 × 1016 m. Particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) - See Techniques for Materials Characterization, page 12-1.
Lines snag spines! A field test of recreational angling gear ensnarement of Bythotrephes
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2021
Donn K. Branstrator, Joshua D. Dumke, Valerie J. Brady, Holly A. Wellard Kelly
We spooled angling lines on 3 matching rods that were 2.3 m (7 ft 6 in) long with 3 matching bait casting reels (Shakespeare Ugly Stick). Angling lines were 4.5 kg (10 lb) test Berkeley Trilene XL Smooth Casting (hereafter monofilament), 4.5 kg (10 lb) test Berkley Trilene 100% Fluorocarbon XL (hereafter fluorocarbon), and 13.6 kg (30 lb) test Sufix Performance Braid Digital Y6 Braiding (hereafter braided). Each angling line was 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) diameter. We outfitted the terminal end of each angling line with an 85 gm (3 oz) weight tied to a swivel. At the start of a transect transit, 10.7 m (35 ft) of angling line was paid out on each reel. A preliminary field test determined that with 10.7 m of angling line paid out, the terminal weight rode at 3 m (10 ft) depth in the water column when the boat traveled at 3 km/h. Three rod holders secured to the boat stern held the rod tips over the sides of the boat with the lines trailing behind the boat away from the outboard motor. Angling line angles at the point of contact with the water were about 30° from horizontal. We estimated that about 6 m (20 ft) of each angling line was submerged.
Medieval windmills to wind turbines: a history of theory and experiment
Published in The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 2021
The rotation of the sails and windshaft raised a 0.2 lb pan containing a weight W, vertically through a distance H during the 52 s period, and hence the average power is WH/52 ft lb/s. The sail rotation and velocity he determined because twenty turns of the sail raised the weight 11.3 inches and thus the effective radius of the windshaft is 0.09 inches. The vertical distance H and the weight on the pan W were the only measurements made during a test but from these he determined the number of revolutions (N) made by the sails in the 52 s. Also, Smeaton observed that a 1 oz weight hung on the sail at a radius of 14.5 inches was just enough to raise a weight and pan of 123 oz, from which he determined that friction amounted to 16 oz. Thus, he was able to correct his tabulated results to allow for friction in the pulleys. He ignores the friction generated by the rotating sails rubbing against its thrust block during the experiment. The performance of the sails at three important points were reported, namely,the load Wmax at which the sail just begins to move when rotated at 6 ft/s,the number of revolutions of the sail in 52 s when the load was zero, andthe number of revolutions of the sail when the product WN was maximum. This he took to be a measure of the maximum power.
Numerical study on the water entry of curved wedges
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2018
Pengyao Yu, Hui Li, Muk Chen Ong
The non-dimensional impact force coefficients are plotted in Figures 25 and 26, considering the variation of the motion state and the impact velocity. As shown in the Table 1, there is a small difference in the total mass of different experimental models. In order to avoid the influence of mass difference, the mass of the wedge with different curvatures in the numerical model is set to be the same. Corresponding 200 mm length in the oz direction, the wedge mass is 0.4 kg. Set the thickness of shell elements 4 mm, and then the density of shell elements for different numerical models can be obtained, as listed in Table 4. The sections ‘D25C5’ and ‘D35C5’ are not included in the following discussion, due to the peak values of their impact forces are difficult to be exactly predicted by the present numerical method.