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Introduction to Expert Systems
Published in Chris Nikolopoulos, Expert Systems, 1997
Even though non-monotonic logic addresses many weaknesses of monotonic logic, it still suffers from the multiple extension problem, in which a proposition and its negation can both be inferred from the knowledge base. Several approaches have been proposed to address the multiple extension problem (Reiter and Crismolo [19], Brewka [2]). For example, priorities can be assigned to the rules using various schemes. In case of conflicting rules the one with the highest priority will be chosen. For example in the previous knowledge base, if rule (2) is assigned higher priority than rule (1), then given only the fact bird(tweety) the conclusion fly (tweety) is reached. Given both facts bird(tweety) and penguin(tweety) the applicable rule of highest priority will fire to give ¬fly(tweety).
Arguing about constitutive and regulative norms
Published in Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 2018
Gabriella Pigozzi, Leendert van der Torre
There is no consensus on the right or best way to detach normative statements from a normative system. In the deontic logic literature, it is therefore common to define various approaches, and to study the behaviour of each of them. For example, Makinson and van der Torre define seven distinct unconstrained input/output logics, and various ways to impose constraints on them. Likewise, there is a variety of non-monotonic logics, as well as a variety of formal argumentation semantics. However, this does not mean that everything goes. In the previous section, we already defined five requirements for arguing about prioritised normative systems. Moreover, various kinds of requirements have been defined in the formal argumentation literature, often referred to as rationality postulates.
Defeasible linear temporal logic
Published in Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 2023
Anasse Chafik, Fahima Cheikh-Alili, Jean-François Condotta, Ivan Varzinczak
Many aspects of defeasible reasoning have been studied in the literature of non-monotonic logic. Non-monotonic inferences of the form have the following meaning: ‘the normal worlds of α are worlds of β’. The aforementioned statement expresses that from the most plausible, desired or in general normal worlds of α, we can infer β; and leaves open the α-worlds that are exceptional to not satisfy β.
Postulate satisfaction for inconsistency measures in monotonic logics and databases
Published in Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 2023
It is fair to point out that some applications, such as logic programming, use non-monotonic logics. Measuring inconsistency in such logics differs substantially from measuring inconsistency in monotonic logics. We refer to Ulbricht et al. (2020) for a detailed investigation of inconsistency measures in non-monotonic logics and do not deal with them in this paper.