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Variable Frequency Drives
Published in Claiton Moro Franchi, Electrical Machine Drives, 2019
Torque is the product of the tangential force (F) of the circumference of a wheel, and the radius of the centre of this wheel. The unit of torque most commonly used is newton-metre (N · m). The torque can be positive or negative, depending on the direction of rotation.
Overview and introduction
Published in Tom Denton, Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems, 2018
Torque is the turning effect of force on an object (Fig. 1.57). A car engine produces a torque at the wheels. Torque is measured by multiplying the force by its perpendicular distance away from the turning point; its unit therefore is the newton metre (Nm).
Risk of subacromial shoulder disorder in airport baggage handlers: combining duration and intensity of musculoskeletal shoulder loads
Published in Ergonomics, 2018
Sanne Pagh Møller, Charlotte Brauer, Sigurd Mikkelsen, Tine Alkjær, Henrik Koblauch, Ellen Bøtker Pedersen, Erik B. Simonsen, Lau Caspar Thygesen
For each work task we calculated for a representative work cycle the time course of the shoulder joint abduction moment (Newton-metre (Nm)), defined as the net moment in the abduction direction; the shoulder joint compression force, defined as the force (N) with which the humerus acts on the glenoid cavity; and the supraspinatus force (N), defined as the sum of forces in the different parts of the supraspinatus muscle. A representative work cycle consisted of the baggage handler performing handling tasks in a set-up designed based on observations of baggage handlers in Copenhagen Airport. The baggage handler confirmed that the tasks were representative of work cycles in the airport before recording was initiated.
The influence of row unit settings and ground speed of modern spindle-type harvesters on cotton fibre and seed quality
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Compressor plates force the plant into the picking zone and hold the boll in a stationary position, so that the spindles can make contact and remove the fibre from the boll. A previous study (Carter & Tavernetti, 1960) showed that compressor plate pressure settings, which range from 20.3 to 54.2 Newton-metre (Nm), and spindle tip clearances (also referred to as pressure plate clearance), which range from 6.4 to 12.7 mm, are typically set, based on crop conditions, tighter settings being required for high yielding crops assisting in holding the increased plant mass to enable the spindles to pick the fibre from the bolls.
Force–velocity profiles of track cyclists differ between seated and non-seated positions
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2023
Dan B. Dwyer, Carson Molaro, David M. Rouffet
All signals were processed using Visual 3D software (C-Motion Inc., Germantown, USA). Using the torque and crank angle signals, we computed the average crank torque (T in Newton metre, Nm) and cadence (C in rotation per minute, rpm) over half crank revolutions for all the pedal cycles. Signals from the optical encoder were processed to create events when the cranks were orientated vertically, i.e., left and right top dead centre positions. Average power (P, in Watts, W) was then derived using the following equation: P = T x C x π/30.