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Algebra and graphs
Published in Allan Bonnick, Automotive Science and Mathematics, 2008
Multiplication sign is not used. LM means L × M Division sign not used. LM or L/M means L ÷MLike signs multiplied together give a +Unlike signs multiplied together give a −Like signs divided give a +Unlike signs divided give a −
Programmable Controllers
Published in William S. Levine, The Control Handbook: Control System Fundamentals, 2017
y = 1 only if both u1 and u2 are equal to 1, otherwise y = 0 (Figure 17.4). The multiplication sign is often omitted, just as in ordinary algebra. An AND gate can have more than two inputs, because any number of switches can be connected in series. Adding a third switch results in y = u1 • u2 • u3. We use the International Standards Organization (ISO) symbol for the gate.
Programmable Controllers
Published in William S. Levine, Control System Fundamentals, 2019
Y = 1 only if both U1 and U2 are equal to 1, otherwise Y = 0 (Figure 18.4). The multiplication sign is often omitted, just as in ordinary algebra. An AND gate can have more than two inputs, because any number of switches can be connected in series. Adding a third switch results in Y = U1 · U2 · U3. We use the ISO (International Standards Organization) symbol for the gate.
Circular economy practices and corporate social responsibility performance: the role of sense-giving
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Tao Hong, Jinghua Ou, Fu Jia, Lujie Chen, Ying Yang
The major concern for endogeneity may arise from the two-way causality in the ECO- and RL-CSR relationships. Firms with higher CSR performance may obtain more financing to invest more in CE (Cheng, Loannou, and Serafeim 2014). We adopt the IVs and the two-stage least square method, which is commonly used (e.g. Li, Li, and Sethi 2021) to address the endogeneity concern. Following Nakamura and Steinsson (2014), we initially calculate the average ratio of a firm’s adoption frequency of ECO (RL) practices to its industry’s average adoption frequency of ECO (RL) practices during the sample period. Next, the instrumental variable is measured as the product of this average ratio (a firm-specific weight) and the industry’s average adoption frequency of ECO (RL) practices. The specific calculations are as follows: Where IV_ECOijt (IV_RLijt) represents the IV of ECOi[08,t] (RLi[08,t]). The right side of the multiplication sign stands for the average frequency of the industry j adopting ECO (RL) practices in t year. nj is the number of firms in the industry j.
Why do ‘fast’ multiplication algorithms work? Opportunities for understanding within younger children via geometric pedagogy
Published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2021
Finally, there is an opportunity to discuss the symbolic cross that features in the algorithm and how some scholars have hypothesized that it has shrunk over the past four centuries to become the symbol for multiplication that is commonly used in school today (Flood & Wilson, 2012, p. 67). This not only gives the students a glimpse of its historical development, but arguably connects an ‘everyday’ symbol with the algorithm they have just learnt. Through this discussion and realization, I hope that students find new significance in the multiplication sign through an awareness of its algorithmic history and its intersection between algorithm, symbol and operation. Now students are aware that the design of the multiplication symbol can be linked with a hidden, historic algorithm that can still be useful today! This markedly contrasts with approaches to modern multiplication algorithms in the standard curriculum as a point of difference due to a separation between the sign and the algorithm.
Subjective evaluation of the rug feet feeling comfort
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Milad Sadeghi-Sadeghabad, Aliasghar Alamdar-Yazdi, Mohammad R. Fazel, Hasan Mashroteh
The subjective feet feeling rating of the rugs was illustrated by a box-and-whisker plot, as shown in Figure 5. This graph obviously illustrates the central tendency and variation of the data. The bottom and top of the box represent its first and third quartiles, and the band inside the box is the median. The average values of the data are displayed by the multiplication sign. The ends of the whiskers represent one standard deviation above and below the mean, while the corresponding maximum and minimum value are marked with a horizontal line. A comparison of the feet feeling comfort rating of the DBP rugs (samples B, C, D, and E) and the feet feeling comfort rating of the conventional Persian rug (sample A) shows the better feet feeling comfort performances of the new rugs (Figures 5). With introducing the gap between the two warp sheets, compressibility resistance decreases and rug required less energy to get compressed. As a result, feet feeling comfort performance of the new rug improves.